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Feeling for Others: Empathy, Sympathy, and Morality

机译：感受他人：同情，同情和道德

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摘要

An increasingly popular suggestion is that empathy andlor sympathy plays a foundational role in understanding harm norms and being motivated by them. In this paper, I argue these emotions play a rather more moderate role in harms norms than we are often led to believe. Evidence from people with frontal lobe damage suggests that neither empathy, nor sympathy is necessary for the understanding of such norms. Furthermore, people's understanding of why it is wrong to harm varies and is by no means limited to considerations of welfare arising from the abilities to sympathize and/ or empathize. And the sorts of considerations of welfare that are central to sympathy and, to some extent empathy, are often already moralized. As such, these considerations cannot form the non-moral foundation of harm norms. Finally, empathy and sympathy are not the only emotions that motivate harm norms. Indeed, much of the evidence that has been adduced in favor of the motivational force of empathy and sympathy are studies on helping, which is quite a different behavior than aggression inhibition. Understanding and being motivated by harm norms are complex abilities. To understand them better, we need to move beyond the current fixation on empathy and sympathy.
机译：越来越受欢迎的建议是，移情和/或同情在理解伤害规范并受其激发方面起着基础性的作用。在本文中，我认为这些情绪在危害规范中的作用要比我们通常认为的要适度。额叶受损患者的证据表明，理解这种规范既不需要同理心也不需要同情心。此外，人们对于为什么伤害是错误的理解是多种多样的，绝不仅仅限于出于同情和/或同情能力而产生的福利考虑。对于同情和某种程度上同情至关重要的福利方面的考虑，通常已经被道德化了。因此，这些考虑不能构成伤害规范的非道德基础。最后，同情和同情不是促使伤害规范的唯一情绪。的确，为支持同情和同情的动机而获得的许多证据都是关于帮助的研究，这与侵略抑制是完全不同的行为。理解和受害于规范是复杂的能力。为了更好地理解它们，我们需要超越对同情和同情的当前关注。

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  • 来源
    《Inquiry》 |2009年第5期|483-499|共17页
  • 作者

    HEIDI L. MAIBOM;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Philosophy, Carleton University,1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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