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Operators vs. quantifiers: the view from linguistics

机译：运营商与量词：语言学的视图

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In several publications, Francois Recanati argues that time, world, location, and similar constituents are not arguments of the verb, although they do affect truth conditions. However, he points out that this fact does not decide the debate regarding whether these notions are represented as sentential operators variables bound by quantifiers, as both approaches can be made compatible with such non-arguments. He makes these points using philosophical arguments; in this paper I use linguistic evidence from a variety of languages. Specifically, I demonstrate that time, world, location, and person behave syntactically and semantically the same across languages. Hence, either all are arguments, or neither are; and the evidence points to the latter position. The cross-linguistic data give rise to a generalization, which connects the availability of quantifying over times, worlds, locations, or persons with the availability of indexical expressions of the corresponding type. For example, a language that does not have temporal indexicals cannot have tense. I demonstrate that this generalization follows naturally from the quantifier approach, but would remain a mystery under the operator view. Therefore, the cross-linguistic evidence argues in the favor of the quantificational approach.
机译：在几个出版物中，Francois Recanati认为时间，世界，地点和类似的成分不是动词的争论，尽管他们确实影响了真理条件。但是，他指出，这一事实没有决定这些概念是否表示作为由量子束缚的主编运营商变量的争论，因为这两种方法都可以与此类非参数兼容。他使用哲学论点使这些积分;在本文中，我使用来自各种语言的语言证据。具体而言，我展示了时间，世界，位置和人在语言中的语法和语义相同。因此，所有这些都是参数，或者也不是;证据指出了后者的位置。跨语言数据引起了概括，它可以通过相应类型的可接定性表达式来连接多次，世界，位置或人员的可用性。例如，没有时间索引的语言不能有时态。我证明，这种概括自然而然地从量化的方法遵循，但仍将是操作员视图下的谜。因此，跨语言证据争辩说明量化方法。

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