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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement >FOG-Based Navigation in Downhole Environment During Horizontal Drilling Utilizing a Complete Inertial Measurement Unit: Directional Measurement-While-Drilling Surveying
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FOG-Based Navigation in Downhole Environment During Horizontal Drilling Utilizing a Complete Inertial Measurement Unit: Directional Measurement-While-Drilling Surveying

机译：利用完整的惯性测量单元在水平钻井过程中的井下环境中基于FOG的导航：定向测量-钻探测量

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摘要

Presently used surveying sensors in directional drilling processes include accelerometers and magnetometers arranged in three orthogonal directions. The magnetometers in these setups are negatively affected by external magnetic interferences induced by various sources. Therefore, expensive, heavy and lengthy protective nonmagnetic collars need to be installed. Fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) in an inertial navigation setup have been proposed as an alternative to magnetometer-based downhole surveying. The present study explored the feasibility of utilizing a FOG-based tactical-grade inertial measurement unit (IMU) as a complete surveying sensor for measurement-while-drilling (MWD) processes downhole. Alignment and real-time navigation under laboratory conditions were demonstrated. Analysis of vibrations and temperature as possible factors limiting the accuracy of the navigation process was performed. Severe vibration effects were reduced using software techniques, and a shock-absorbing housing was suggested. The temperature range of the IMU is limited by the optical components of the device, but dynamic temperature changes within this range did not present a major problem. A downhole sub design demonstrated that the actual integration of the IMU requires only minor changes in the presently used drilling tools. The utilization of a tactical-grade IMU eliminates the necessity of nonmagnetic collars, which results in lower costs and improved accuracy.
机译：当前在定向钻井过程中使用的测量传感器包括布置在三个正交方向上的加速度计和磁力计。这些设置中的磁力计受到各种来源引起的外部磁干扰的不利影响。因此，需要安装昂贵，笨重且冗长的保护性非磁性套环。已经提出了惯性导航设置中的光纤陀螺仪（FOG），以替代基于磁力计的井下勘测。本研究探讨了使用基于FOG的战术级惯性测量单元（IMU）作为井下随钻测量（MWD）过程的完整测量传感器的可行性。演示了在实验室条件下的对准和实时导航。进行了可能限制导航过程精度的振动和温度分析。使用软件技术可减少严重的振动影响，并建议使用减震外壳。 IMU的温度范围受设备的光学组件限制，但在此范围内的动态温度变化不会带来主要问题。井下子设计表明，IMU的实际集成仅需要对当前使用的钻井工具进行少量改动。战术级IMU的使用消除了非磁性套环的必要性，从而降低了成本并提高了准确性。

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