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Effects of different text display types on reading comprehension, sustained attention and cognitive load in mobile reading contexts

机译：在移动阅读环境中，不同文本显示类型对阅读理解，持续注意力和认知负荷的影响

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摘要

Despite the popularity of mobile reading devices, many studies have indicated that small screens restrict information transmission, adversely affecting reading performance on mobile devices. Moreover, mobile reading typically occurs in different reading contexts. Therefore, suitable text display type for mobile reading in different reading contexts should be considered, such that learners can effectively read content. This work selected the frequently used static and dynamic text display types (i.e. Paging and Auto-scrolling) and assessed their effects on mobile reading performance. Furthermore, the features of static and dynamic text display types were considered when designing a mixed text display type for mobile reading. Based on brainwave detector, reading-comprehension test sheet, and cognitive-load scale, this work designed a mobile reading experiment with a two-factor experimental design to assess the effects of the selected static, dynamic, and designed text display types, which were respectively presented in sitting, standing, and walking contexts, on reading comprehension, sustained attention, and cognitive load of learners. Experimental results show that sitting obtained the highest sustained attention and the mixed text garnered lowest sustained attention. Moreover, although analytical results show that no significant difference existed in overall reading comprehension with each text type presented with the mobile reading contexts, reading comprehension (i.e. memory, comprehension, and application types) was significantly affected by the reading context, and to some degree, the text display type. This work also found that the text display type is a major factor affecting learners' cognitive load; however, learners' cognitive load is not be affected by the considered reading contexts. Among the three text display types, the mixed type generates the highest cognitive load, followed by the dynamic type, and then the static type. In conclusion, the three reading contexts with the three text display types have both advantages and disadvantages for reading comprehension, sustained attention, and cognitive load. As a result, text display type for mobile reading on small screens should be adjusted according to reading context or to improve reading comprehension, attention, or cognitive load.
机译：尽管移动阅读设备很受欢迎，但许多研究表明，小屏幕会限制信息传输，从而不利地影响移动设备上的阅读性能。此外，移动阅读通常发生在不同的阅读环境中。因此，应考虑在不同阅读上下文中适合移动阅读的文本显示类型，以便学习者可以有效地阅读内容。这项工作选择了常用的静态和动态文本显示类型（即分页和自动滚动），并评估了它们对移动阅读性能的影响。此外，在设计用于移动阅读的混合文本显示类型时，考虑了静态和动态文本显示类型的功能。基于脑电波检测器，阅读理解试卷和认知负荷量表，这项工作设计了一种移动阅读实验，并采用两因素实验设计来评估所选静态，动态和设计的文本显示类型的效果，分别在坐姿，站立和行走环境中呈现，涉及阅读理解，持续关注和学习者的认知负担。实验结果表明，坐着获得了最高的持续注意力，而混合文本获得了最低的持续关注。此外，尽管分析结果表明，与移动阅读上下文呈现的每种文本类型相比，总体阅读理解没有显着差异，但阅读理解（即记忆，理解和应用程序类型）在很大程度上受到阅读上下文的影响，在一定程度上，文本显示类型。这项工作还发现，文本显示类型是影响学习者认知负荷的主要因素。然而，学习者的认知负担不受所考虑的阅读情境的影响。在这三种文本显示类型中，混合类型产生最高的认知负荷，其次是动态类型，然后是静态类型。总之，具有三种文本显示类型的三种阅读环境在阅读理解，持续关注和认知负荷方面既有优点也有缺点。因此，应根据阅读环境调整小屏幕上移动阅读的文本显示类型，或提高阅读理解，注意力或认知负荷。

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