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Job creation and job destruction in economic crisis at firm level: the case of Greek manufacturing sectors

机译：公司层面的经济危机中的就业机会创造和就业破坏：以希腊制造业为例

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摘要

The current European economic crisis changes radically the structure of present and future employment, the political agenda and the adoption of appropriate economic policy means in the whole Europe. This is mostly true for southern European countries that were hit hard by economic crisis and thus raising questions about the appropriate policy mix required in supporting employment. In Greece, for example, the problem of unprecedented large unemployment (27 %) by summer 2013, is an urgent issue dominating in all current discussions related to adoption of the best economic policy means. Often, these discussions are focused on some general macroeconomic policy suggestions that are not based on a microeconomic analysis of how firms are affected by economic crisis, not only, in the same sector, but also, in different sectors of the economy. In this study, we explore the determinants of job creation and job destruction using a large and comprehensive panel data set of Greek manufacturing firms, covering the time period 2004 - 2011 and distinguishing between the pre-crisis (2004-2007) and post-crisis (2008-2011) period. Our study reveals that, although the crisis has indeed a substantial negative effect on employment growth in all sectors of Greek manufacturing, some sectors (such as food products) are less affected compared to others (especially textiles, wearing apparel and leather products). Thus, our results suggest that a discretionary microeconomic policy that could encourage production and exports, with such measures as tax reductions, investment subsidies, export grants, etc., in favour of the less affected sectors could contribute to reducing large unemployment.
机译：当前的欧洲经济危机从根本上改变了整个欧洲目前和未来就业的结构，政治议程以及采用适当的经济政策手段。对于遭受经济危机打击最严重的南欧国家来说，这是正确的，因此引发了人们对支持就业所需的适当政策组合的质疑。例如，在希腊，到2013年夏季，史无前例的大规模失业问题（占27％）是一个紧迫的问题，在当前所有与采用最佳经济政策手段有关的讨论中都占据着主导地位。通常，这些讨论集中在一些一般的宏观经济政策建议上，这些建议不基于对公司如何受经济危机影响的微观经济学分析，不仅在同一部门，而且在经济的不同部门。在这项研究中，我们使用庞大且全面的希腊制造业公司面板数据集探索了创造就业和破坏工作的决定因素，涵盖了2004年至2011年的时间段，并区分了危机前（2004-2007年）和危机后（2008-2011）期。我们的研究表明，尽管危机确实对希腊制造业的所有部门的就业增长产生了重大负面影响，但与其他部门（尤其是纺织品，服装和皮革制品）相比，某些部门（例如食品）受到的影响较小。因此，我们的结果表明，可以通过采取减税，投资补贴，出口赠款等措施鼓励生产和出口的自由裁量的微观经济政策，有利于受影响较小的部门，从而有助于减少大量失业。

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