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How consequential is the commonwealth constitutional model?

机译：联邦宪法模式的重要性如何？

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Stephen Gardbaum's The New Commonwealth Model of Constitutionalism: Theory and Practice is one of the most important books about comparative judicial review and constitutional design published in recent years. In what may be seen as the culmination of Gardbaum's groundbreaking work on the subject, the book offers a comprehensive, level-headed, and thought-provoking account of a model for arranging the judicial review of rights that has emerged over the past few decades in several prosperous, English-speaking, common-law jurisdictions. At the heart of this model, which Gardbaum calls the Commonwealth model, stands the idea that tensions between judicial review and democracy may be mitigated through the introduction of innovative constitutional mechanisms that embrace many of the supposed advantages of judicial review while alleviating its counter-majoritarian nature. These mechanisms allow legislative branches to limit or override rulings of unconstitutionality by the judiciary as long as they do so openly and explicitly. This core element of the Commonwealth model Gardbaum designates as "weak-form judicial review," or the ex post element of the model. Another, complementary set of mechanisms, which Gardbaum categorizes under "pre-enactment political rights review," constitutes the ex ante element of the model; among the oft-cited examples of these mechanisms are the famous "override" or "notwithstanding" clause (§ 33) in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act's "preferential" model of judicial review, and the British Human Rights Act's "declaration of incompatibility."
机译：史蒂芬·加德鲍姆（Stephen Gardbaum）的《新联邦宪政模式：理论与实践》是近年来出版的有关比较司法审查和宪法设计的最重要书籍之一。在加德鲍姆（Gardbaum）关于该主题的开创性工作的最高成果中，该书提供了一个全面，高水平，发人深省的说明，该模型安排了司法权利在过去几十年中出现的情况。几个繁华的英语普通法管辖区。该模型的核心（加德鲍姆称为英联邦模型）表示，可以通过引入创新的宪法机制来缓解司法审查与民主之间的紧张关系，该机制应包含司法审查的许多假定优势，同时减轻其反霸权主义性质。这些机制允许立法部门限制或推翻司法部门的违宪裁定，只要它们公开和明确地这样做即可。联邦模型Gardbaum的这一核心元素被指定为“弱形式的司法审查”，或该模型的事后元素。 Gardbaum在“颁布前政治权利审查”下归类的另一套互补机制，构成了该模型的事前要素。这些机制经常被引用的例子包括《加拿大权利与自由宪章》中著名的“优先”或“尽管”条款（第33条），《新西兰人权法案》的司法审查“优惠”模式以及英国人权法的“不兼容声明”。

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