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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of constitutional law >Parties versus democracy: Addressing today's political party threats to democratic rule
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Parties versus democracy: Addressing today's political party threats to democratic rule

机译：缔约方与民主：解决今天的政党对民主统治的威胁

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The growing threat to liberal democracy worldwide is, in many ways, a political party threat. Recent years have witnessed the rise of a range of authoritarian populist, illiberal, far-right, nativist, and extremist parties. Some have entered government in countries including Hungary, Poland, Austria, and Italy. Germany's Alternativ fur Deutschland (AfD) is now the main parliamentary opposition. Beyond Europe we see democratic structures threatened or incrementally dismantled through the subversion of an established democratic party by an outsider (e.g. Donald Trump in the United States or Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines) or ascendance of the extremist wing of a right-wing party (e.g. India's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)). Parties and party leaders occupying an ill-defined space on the political spectrum-a form of "far-right lite"-today generally present a much greater threat to democratic governance than overtly antidemocratic fringe outfits, such as Germany's National Democratic Party (NPD). The ambiguity of such parties, their growing size, their entry into government, the subversion of "good" democratic parties by a "bad" leadership, and the rise of the "shadow party" and intensifying external control mean that contemporary political party threats seriously frustrate the possibility of remedial action afforded by existing public law and policy mechanisms. They also require us to reflect anew on crafting novel remedies and to revisit our deep assumptions about parties as creatures of central constitutional importance.
机译：在许多方面，全世界对自由主义民主的威胁越来越大。近年来，目睹了一系列授权民粹主义，非法，远方，生命主义者和极端主义党派的兴起。有些人在包括匈牙利，波兰，奥地利和意大利在内的国家进入政府。德国的Alternativ Fur Deutschland（AFD）现在是主要议会反对派。除欧洲之外，我们看到民主结构威胁或逐步拆除了一名局外人的颠覆成立的民主党（例如菲律宾的美国或罗德里戈·迪尔特（菲律宾）的唐纳德特朗普）或右翼党的极端主义翼的上升（例如，印度的Bharatiya Janata Party（BJP））。派对和党领导人占据了政治频谱的一个不明显的空间 - 一种“右右倾”的形式 - 一般对民主治理的更大威胁而不是明显的反作用边缘服装，例如德国的国家民主党（NPD） 。这些缔约方的歧义，他们的越来越大，他们进入政府，“良好”的民主党派的颠覆“糟糕的”领导，“影子党”的崛起和强化外部控制意味着当代政党威胁严重的威胁挫败现有公法和政策机制提供了补救行动的可能性。他们还要求我们反映出关于制作新的补救措施，并重新审视对缔约方的深刻假设作为中央宪法重要性的生物。

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