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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of design & nature and ecodynamics >THE UNEXPECTED COURSE OF INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION PROCESSES: INQUIRY INTO INNOVATION PROCESSES IN LAND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES ACROSS EUROPE
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THE UNEXPECTED COURSE OF INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION PROCESSES: INQUIRY INTO INNOVATION PROCESSES IN LAND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES ACROSS EUROPE

机译：制度创新过程中意想不到的过程：对欧洲土地开发实践中的创新过程的研究

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Changes in planning practices can be explained from the prevailing theoretical juxtaposition of 'institutional design' and 'institutional evolution'; two schools of thought that are at the extremes of assumptions on modi-fiability. The two extremes are considered to be inextricably linked to each other and cannot be separated; institutional design at a higher level highly influences institutional evolution at a lower level. In this paper we add the opposite direction of their interdependence. We found that small and sometimes even unexpected efforts of institutional design at a low level of scale can, when aggregated, result into an evolution of collective institutions at a higher level. We participated in a cooperative project between research and practice, which was established as an exchange project on innovation in land development. We investigated the genesis of institutional change in land development, which is a specific regional planning instrument. We analyzed 40 planning practices that were presented by land agencies from seven EU regions (Flanders, the Netherlands, North Rhine-Westphalia, Galicia, Portugal, Hungary, and Lithuania) as their most innovative ones. We studied the histories of 14 of them intensively, using grounded data gathered in visits, discussions, and in-depth interviews with key persons. We found great similarity across these 14 cases in terms of the distinctive patterns relating to local processes leading up to systemic innovations: seemingly small, local, often unexpected and unpredictable occurrences appeared to have set the process of innovation in motion. The evidence demonstrates the relevance of the landscape metaphor found in theories on Complex Adaptive Systems for understanding institutional change in planning practice.
机译：可以从流行的“机构设计”和“机构演变”的理论并置来解释计划实践的变化。两种关于可修改性假设的思想流派。这两个极端被认为是彼此密不可分的，不能分开。较高级别的机构设计对较低级别的机构演进有很大影响。在本文中，我们添加了它们相互依赖的相反方向。我们发现，低水平的机构设​​计有时甚至是意料之外的小努力，如果加在一起，就会导致更高级别的集体机构的发展。我们参加了一项研究与实践之间的合作项目，该项目是关于土地开发创新的交流项目。我们调查了土地开发中制度变化的成因，这是一种特定的区域规划工具。我们分析了来自七个欧盟地区（法兰德斯，荷兰，北莱茵-威斯特法伦州，加利西亚，葡萄牙，匈牙利和立陶宛）的土地机构提出的40种规划做法，这些做法是最具创新性的。我们使用访问，讨论和与关键人物的深入访谈中收集的扎实数据，深入研究了其中14个的历史。我们发现这14个案例在与导致系统创新的本地流程相关的独特模式方面非常相似：看似很小，本地，通常是意料之外和不可预测的事件似乎推动了创新的进程。证据表明，在复杂适应系统理论中发现的景观隐喻对于理解规划实践中的制度变化具有重要意义。

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