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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Ecology & Enviromental Sciences >Surface Water, Ground Water and Sediment Quality in Three Oxbow Lake Watersheds in the Mississippi Delta Agricultural Region: Pesticides
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Surface Water, Ground Water and Sediment Quality in Three Oxbow Lake Watersheds in the Mississippi Delta Agricultural Region: Pesticides

机译：密西西比河三角洲农业区的三个Oxbow湖流域的地表水，地下水和沉积物质量：农药

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We measured residual and current use pesticides in shallow groundwater, surface water, and lake sediment in three oxbow lakes and their watersheds in the intensively cultivated alluvial plain of the Mississippi River, USA. The three-year study focussed on providing knowledge of pesticide movement and concentrations from intensive agricultural production into aquatic ecosystems and evaluating the degree of contaminant deposition and persistence in oxbow lake sediments. Penetration of insecticides into shallow groundwater did not represent a hazard. Herbicides and insecticides were found in surface water as a result of rainfall-related runoff from farm fields. A common herbicide, atrazine, had the largest number of detections (28% of lake water samples). Sediment cores taken for pesticide analysis were also viewed by age in each lake. Residual organochlorines dominated the pesticide sediment profile. DDT and its metabolites were the only compounds that permeated sediments at all sites. Sediments deposited in the 1960s and 1970s which contained higher concentrations of DDT have been effectively sealed by more recent material so that the sink of contaminant is unavailable to the water column. Controlled release of pyrethroid insecticides in a forested wetland showed that the wetland was totally effective in neutralizing the pyrethroids before they reached lake surface water. The lakes are designated for fish and wildlife use, but pesticides seldom exceeded more stringent drinking water standards. Acute toxicity concerns lessen as more conservation measures are installed on and off fields. Additionally, DDT metabolites continue to slowly degrade. A suite of protective measures is necessary to protect downstream water resources from runoff-related contamination.
机译：我们在美国密西西比河集约化冲积平原上的三个牛弓湖及其分水岭中的浅层地下水，地表水和湖泊沉积物中测量了残留和目前使用的农药。这项为期三年的研究重点在于提供从集约化农业生产到水生生态系统的农药移动和浓度知识，并评估牛弓湖沉积物中污染物的沉积程度和持久性。杀虫剂渗透到浅层地下水中并不构成危害。由于农田降雨引起的径流，在地表水中发现了除草剂和杀虫剂。普通除草剂阿特拉津的检出量最多（占湖水样品的28％）。在每个湖泊中，还按年龄查看了用于农药分析的沉积物芯。残留的有机氯占农药沉积物分布的主要部分。滴滴涕及其代谢物是唯一渗透到所有位置沉积物中的化合物。 1960年代和1970年代沉积的含有较高浓度DDT的沉积物已被更新的材料有效地密封，因此水槽无法获得污染物的沉没。拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂在森林湿地中的受控释放表明，该湿地在拟除虫菊酯到达湖泊地表水之前能够完全中和。湖泊被指定用于鱼类和野生动植物，但农药很少超过更严格的饮用水标准。随着在田间和场外安装更多的保护措施，对急性毒性的担忧减轻了。另外，DDT代谢物继续缓慢降解。必须采取一系列保护措施，以保护下游水资源免受径流相关的污染。

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