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Bypass transition receptivity modes

机译：绕过过渡接受模式

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The prediction of bypass transition remains an important problem in many engineering applications. This is largely because there is no suitable theoretical model for bypass transition and predictions are made using empirical models. This paper presents numerical results for the receptivity of a zero pressure gradient boundary layer subjected to simple freestream waveforms which are the constituent parts of a turbulent flow field. Significant receptivities are only obtained for a minority of freestream waveforms and these lead to two types of flow structure in the boundary layer. The first type of flow structure is essentially two dimensional in nature and consists of two rows of counter-rotating spanwise vortices and is induced by freestream waves of large normal and spanwise wavelength and streamwise wavelengths approximately equal to the boundary layer thickness. The second type of flow structure are the streamwise streaks frequently observed in flow visualisation experiments. These streaks are induced by freestream waves of long streamwise and normal wavelength and spanwise wavelengths in the range of 14.5-46 0 (1.7-5.45). The freestream waves can be formed of velocity components in any direction, however the boundary layer is most receptive to fluctuations that lie in a plane perpendicular to the streamwise direction. The overall receptivity to a full spectrum of waves typical of freestream turbulence is considered and is shown to have similar characteristics to those from experiments.
机译：旁路过渡的预测仍然是许多工程应用中的重要问题。这在很大程度上是因为没有适用于旁路过渡的理论模型，并且使用经验模型进行了预测。本文给出了零压力梯度边界层在简单的自由流波形作用下的接受度的数值结果，这些波形是湍流场的组成部分。仅对于少数自由流波形才能获得显着的接受度，这会在边界层中导致两种类型的流动结构。第一种流动结构本质上本质上是二维的，由两排反向旋转的展向旋涡组成，并由大的法向和展向波长的自由流波以及近似等于边界层厚度的流向波长引起。第二类流动结构是在流动可视化实验中经常观察到的沿流条纹。这些条纹是由长流和正常波长以及展向波长在14.5-46 0（1.7-5.45）范围内的自由流波引起的。自由流波可以由任何方向的速度分量形成，但是边界层最容易接受位于垂直于流向的平面中的波动。考虑了对自由流湍流典型的全波谱的总体接受度，并显示出与实验相似的特征。

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