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Stress and diffusion in stored Pu ZPPR fuel from alpha generation

机译：Alpha生成的Pu ZPPR燃料中的应力和扩散

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ZPPR (Zero Power Physics Reactor) is a research reactor that has been used to investigate breeder reactor fuel designs. The reactor has been dismantled but its fuel is still stored there. Of concern are its plutonium containing metal fuel elements which are enclosed in stainless steel cladding with gas space filled with helium-argon gas and welded air tight. The fuel elements which are 5.08 cm by 0.508 cm up to 20.32 cm long (2 in × 0.2 in × 8 in) were manufactured in 1968. A few of these fuel elements have failed releasing contamination raising concern about the general state of the large number of other fuel elements. Inspection of the large number of fuel elements could lead to contamination release so analytical studies have been conducted to estimate the probability of failed fuel elements. This paper investigates the possible fuel failures due to generation of helium in the metal fuel from the decay of Pu and its possible damage to the fuel cladding from metal fuel expansion or from diffusion of helium into the fuel gas space. This paper (1) calculates the initial gas loading in a fuel element and its internal free volume after it has been brought into the atmosphere at ZPPR, (2) shows that the amount of helium generated by decay of Pu over 46 years since manufacture is significantly greater than this initial loading, (3) determines the amount of fuel swelling if the helium stays fixed in the fuel plate and estimates the amount of helium which diffuses out of the fuel plate into the fuel plenum assuming the helium does not remain fixed in the fuel plate but can diffuse to the plenum and possibly through the cladding. Since the literature is not clear as to which possibility occurs, as with Schroedinger's cat, both possibilities are analyzed. The paper concludes that (1) if the gas generated is fixed in the fuel, then the fuel swelling it can cause would not cause any fuel failure and (2) if the helium does diffuse out of the fuel (in accordance diffusivities estimated from the literature), then it is unlikely that fuel element bulging will occur.
机译：ZPPR（零功率物理反应堆）是一种研究堆，已用于研究种反应堆燃料设计。反应堆已经拆除，但其燃料仍储存在该处。值得关注的是其含p的金属燃料元件，这些燃料元件被包裹在不锈钢包层中，气体空间充满了氦氩气和焊接气密性。 1968年生产了5.08厘米乘0.508厘米长至20.32厘米（2英寸×0.2英寸×8英寸）的燃料元件。其中一些燃料元件未能释放出污染物，引起了人们对大量燃料的一般状态的担忧。其他燃料元素。检查大量燃料元件可能导致污染物释放，因此已经进行了分析研究，以估计燃料元件失效的可能性。本文研究了由于Pu的衰变而在金属燃料中生成氦气可能导致的燃料故障，以及由于金属燃料膨胀或氦气向燃料气体空间扩散而可能对燃料包壳造成的损坏。本文（1）计算了燃料元件在ZPPR中进入大气后的初始气体负载及其内部自由体积，（2）表明自制造以来46年间，Pu衰变产生的氦气量为（3）如果氦气保持固定在燃料板上，则确定燃料溶胀量，并假设氦气不保持固定在燃料板中，则估计从燃料板扩散到燃料室中的氦气量。燃料板，但可以扩散到气室，并可能穿过包层。由于文献不清楚哪种可能性发生，如薛定inger的猫一样，因此对两种可能性都进行了分析。本文的结论是（1）如果将产生的气体固定在燃料中，那么它可能引起的燃料膨胀不会导致任何燃料故障；（2）如果氦气确实从燃料中扩散出来（根据从燃料中估计的扩散率）。文献），那么不太可能发生燃料元件膨胀。

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