Lebanon covers an area of 10 452 km~2, and has a population of about 4.5 million (2012). The average annual precipitation is about 800 mm, mainly concentrated during four months of the year. The amount of water resources available for development is limited from a technical and economic viewpoint. There is currently an acute shortage of water during the dry season. Total water consumption is about 0.55 × 10~9m~3/year, while per capita water consumption is 150 litres/day in urban areas, and 125 litres/day in rural areas.
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