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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of production economics >Productivity and ergonomic risk in human based production systems: A job-rotation scheduling model
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Productivity and ergonomic risk in human based production systems: A job-rotation scheduling model

机译：基于人的生产系统中的生产率和人体工程学风险：工作轮换计划模型

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摘要

The competitiveness of modern manufacturing systems is based on a high production rate and a high level of flexibility. Despite the high level of automation achieved in production systems, flexibility is often provided by human dexterity and the cognitive capabilities of the workforce, as in assembly lines. In the case of repetitive manual tasks, workers are exposed to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In these contexts, a high production rate leads to high physical workload, and job rotation is adopted in order to reduce the ergonomic risk. Traditionally, ergonomics and human performance issues have been investigated separately. However, in the design and scheduling of human-based manufacturing systems, a reliable description of human components is required in order to jointly evaluate production system performance and assess workers' risk of MSDsIn this paper, the authors propose a model which aims to find optimal job rotation schedules in work environments characterized by low load manual tasks with a high frequency of repetition (e.g. assembly lines). The model is a mixed integer programming model allowing for the maximization of production rate jointly reducing and balancing human workloads and ergonomic risk within acceptable limits. Risk and its acceptability are evaluated using the OCRA (Occupational Repetitive Actions) method (ISO 11228-3:2007), widely recognized as an effective tool for the risk assessment of Upper Limb Work related MSDs (UL-WMSDs). Moreover, the different workers' performance due to their respective training levels and skills is considered in the problem formulation.The model is applied to an industrial case study. Results show the model's capacity to identify optimal job rotation schedules jointly achieving productivity and ergonomic risk goals. Performances of the solutions obtained improve as workforce flexibility increases.
机译：现代制造系统的竞争力基于高生产率和高度灵活性。尽管在生产系统中实现了很高的自动化水平，但如装配线一样，灵活性通常是由人的灵巧性和劳动力的认知能力提供的。对于重复性的手动任务，工人面临肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）的风险。在这些情况下，高生产率导致较高的体力工作量，因此采用工作轮换以降低人体工程学风险。传统上，人体工程学和人类绩效问题是分开研究的。然而，在基于人的制造系统的设计和调度中，需要可靠地描述人的组件，以便共同评估生产系统的性能并评估工人的MSD风险。在本文中，作者提出了一个旨在找到最佳选择的模型。工作环境中的工作轮换时间表，其特征是低负载的手动任务且重复频率很高（例如，装配线）。该模型是一个混合整数规划模型，可以最大限度地提高生产率，从而在可接受的范围内共同减少和平衡人员的工作量和人体工程学风险。风险及其可接受性使用OCRA（职业重复行动）方法（ISO 11228-3：2007）进行评估，该方法被广泛认为是进行上肢相关MSD（UL-WMSD）风险评估的有效工具。此外，在制定问题时考虑了不同工人因各自的培训水平和技能而产生的绩效。该模型被应用于工业案例研究。结果表明，该模型具有识别最佳作业轮换时间表的能力，可以共同实现生产率和人体工程学风险目标。随着劳动力灵活性的提高，获得的解决方案的性能也会提高。

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