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E-commerce trends and impacts across Europe

机译：电子商务趋势及其对整个欧洲的影响

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This study investigates patterns in electronic commerce (e-commerce) activities and their impact on labour productivity growth for a group of 14 European countries. At hand for the exercise is a unique panel of micro-aggregated, firm-level data spanning the years 2002-2010. The empirical approach involves two main elements: a static specification and a dynamic panel data model. The former is a difference specification estimated by OLS, and the latter model uses the system GMM estimator to account for endogeneity of e-commerce activities. For the impact analysis, e-commerce is defined specifically as e-sales - that is, orders firms receive electronically (through EDI or websites). Descriptive statistics reveal that the proportion of firms engaging in e-sales activities, after starting from a low level, is slowly growing over time. The OLS estimates, which control for industry, time, and country effects, show that the changes in e-sales activities and labour productivity growth are significantly positively related. Specifically, an increase in e-sales by one percentage point raises labour productivity growth by 0.3 percentage points over a two-year period. Service industries experience a larger impact than does manufacturing. Similar results are produced by the dynamic panel data estimations, which show that the increase in e-sales activities during the period studied accounts for 18 per cent of the total growth in labour productivity. In addition, the results demonstrate that smaller firms gain the most from increases in e-sales. Overall, the magnitude of the estimates differs less across methods than it does between industries or over time. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：这项研究调查了14个欧洲国家/地区中电子商务活动的模式及其对劳动生产率增长的影响。该练习手头有一组独特的，涵盖2002-2010年的微观汇总的公司级数据。经验方法涉及两个主要元素：静态规范和动态面板数据模型。前者是由OLS估计的差异规范，而后者模型使用系统GMM估计器来解释电子商务活动的内生性。对于影响分析，电子商务被专门定义为电子销售-即，公司以电子方式（通过EDI或网站）收到的订单。描述性统计数据表明，从事电子销售活动的公司所占比例从较低水平开始，但随着时间的推移正在缓慢增长。 OLS估计值控制了行业，时间和国家/地区的影响，表明电子销售活动的变化与劳动生产率的增长呈显着正相关。具体而言，在两年内，电子销售量增加1个百分点，劳动生产率将提高0.3个百分点。服务业比制造业受到的影响更大。动态面板数据估计得出了相似的结果，表明在所研究的时期内，电子销售活动的增长占劳动生产率总增长的18％。此外，结果表明，较小的公司从电子销售的增长中获得最大收益。总体而言，各方法之间的估计量差异比各行业之间或随着时间的变化差异较小。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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