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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Production Research >Optimal replenishment cycle for perishable items facing demand uncertainty in a two-echelon inventory system
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Optimal replenishment cycle for perishable items facing demand uncertainty in a two-echelon inventory system

机译：在两级库存系统中面临需求不确定性的易腐物品的最佳补货周期

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摘要

We consider a two-echelon supply chain with an upstream manufacturer and a downstream retailer for a single perishable product. The manufacturer processes raw materials into finished products, which are purchased by the retailer in each replenishment cycle. The raw materials of the manufacturer are highly perishable (i.e. perishing within hours or days), and the finished goods at the retailer face demand uncertainty and obsolescence. We model the manufacturer-retailer relationship as a Stackelberg game where the retailer is the leader and decides the replenishment cycle that minimises its mismatch cost between supply and uncertain demand. The manufacturer is the follower and decides its processing rate to minimise its unit cost for finished goods. Our results show that the raw material and finished goods lifetimes, which are interrelated through the duration of the replenishment cycle, have a significant impact on supply chain costs. Although raw material spoilage cost by itself is low, we show that short raw material lifetimes have a significant impact on the costs of both parties. Additionally, we find that while high manufacturer markups increase retailer costs, they reduce the manufacturer's costs due to large production batches.
机译：我们考虑一个易腐产品的上游供应商和下游零售商的两级供应链。制造商将原材料加工成最终产品，并在每个补货周期中由零售商购买。制造商的原材料极易腐烂（即在数小时或数天之内腐烂），零售商的成品面临需求不确定性和过时的问题。我们将制造商与零售商之间的关系建模为Stackelberg游戏，其中零售商为领导者，并决定补货周期，以最大程度地减少供应与不确定需求之间的错配成本。制造商是追随者，并决定其加工速度以最小化制成品的单位成本。我们的结果表明，在补货周期内相互关联的原材料和成品寿命对供应链成本有重大影响。尽管原材料损坏成本本身很低，但我们证明原材料使用寿命短对双方的成本都有重大影响。此外，我们发现，尽管制造商加价幅度较大，但会增加零售商的成本，但由于批量生产较大，它们会降低制造商的成本。

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