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Distributed manufacturing: scope, challenges and opportunities

机译：分布式制造：范围，挑战和机遇

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摘要

This discussion paper aims to set out the key challenges and opportunities emerging from distributed manufacturing (DM). We begin by describing the concept, available definitions and consider its evolution where recent production technology developments (such as additive and continuous production process technologies), digitisation together with infrastructural developments (in terms of IoT and big data) provide new opportunities. To further explore the evolving nature of DM, the authors, each of whom are involved in specific applications of DM research, examine through an expert panel workshop environment emerging DM applications involving new production and supporting infrastructural technologies. This paper presents these generalisable findings on DM challenges and opportunities in terms of products, enabling production technologies and the impact on the wider production and industrial system. Industry structure and location of activities are examined in terms of the democratising impact on participating network actors. The paper concludes with a discussion on the changing nature of manufacturing as a result of DM, from the traditional centralised, large-scale, long lead-time forecast-driven production operations to a new DM paradigm where manufacturing is a decentralised, autonomous near end user-driven activity. A forward research agenda is proposed that considers the impact of DM on the industrial and urban landscape.
机译：本讨论文件旨在阐明分布式制造（DM）出现的主要挑战和机遇。我们从描述概念，可用定义开始，并考虑它的演变，其中最新的生产技术发展（例如增材制造和连续生产工艺技术），数字化以及基础设施的发展（就物联网和大数据而言）提供了新的机会。为了进一步探索DM的不断发展的本质，每位作者都参与DM研究的特定应用程序，作者通过专家小组研讨会环境研究了涉及新产品和基础设施技术的新兴DM应用程序。本文介绍了有关DM在产品方面的挑战和机遇，促成生产技术以及对更广泛的生产和工业系统的影响的可概括性发现。根据对参与网络参与者的民主化影响来研究行业结构和活动地点。本文最后讨论了制造业因DM而发生的变化，从传统的集中化，大规模，长期交货时间预测驱动的生产运营，到新的DM范式，其中制造业是分散的，自治的近端用户驱动的活动。提出了一项前瞻性研究议程，其中考虑了DM对工业和城市景观的影响。

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