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首页> 外文期刊>The International Journal of Productivity and performance management >European railway freight transportation and adaptation to demand decline: Efficiency and partial productivity analysis from period of 1980-2003
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European railway freight transportation and adaptation to demand decline: Efficiency and partial productivity analysis from period of 1980-2003

机译：欧洲铁路货运和对需求下降的适应：1980-2003年期间的效率和部分生产率分析

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Purpose - Railway freight transportation in Europe is in a state of change. The system has been freed from protection from the beginning of 2007 and market forces will start to act. Demand for, and the market share of, this form of transportation has been declining for decades. Therefore, there is a need to know more about the efficiency and productivity of this sector, in order to understand the nature and magnitude of potential restructuring changes. This paper aims to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach - Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to analyze different European countries throughout the longitudinal observation period of 1980 to 2003. Also partial productivity analysis is used to support DEA evaluation. Findings - Based on DEA results, it is found that those countries that were showing the highest efficiency levels in the 1980s, without exception, experienced an efficiency collapse in the 1990s. These include both former Eastern Bloc and West European countries. Based on partial productivity analysis, it is proposed that productivity of locomotives and railway tracks should be the primary target of productivity improvement in these formerly highly efficient countries. The efficiency analysis shows also that currently the most efficient railway freight transportation is located in the Baltic States, namely Estonia and Latvia. If one does not include data from Estonia and Latvia in the overall analysis, in a European context the only truly improving performance indicators are partial productivities of freight wagons, and staff. Research limitations/implications - In contrast to previous efficiency studies in this sector, railway freight transportation shows high differences between European countries; it is necessary to address further research in the efficiency and productivity area in this respect to identify ongoing structural change. Practical implications - Restructuring in European railways is just taking its first steps, and a combination of downsizing and greater freight volumes is needed if this mode of transportation is going to prosper in the future, and take market share back from others. Restructuring within this sector will most probably result in increased internationalization, mergers and acquisitions, and intermodal transportation solutions. These all represent new avenues for research. Originality/value - This article helps to advise clear remedies for European railways and suggests interesting avenues for further research.
机译：目的-欧洲的铁路货运处于变化中。从2007年初起，该系统已摆脱保护，市场力量将开始发挥作用。数十年来，对这种运输方式的需求及其市场份额一直在下降。因此，有必要更多地了解该部门的效率和生产率，以了解潜在重组变化的性质和规模。本文旨在解决这个问题。设计/方法/方法-数据包络分析（DEA）用于在1980年至2003年的整个纵向观察期内分析不同的欧洲国家。此外，还使用部分生产率分析来支持DEA评估。调查结果-根据DEA结果，发现那些在1980年代表现出最高效率水平的国家无一例外地在1990年代经历了效率崩溃。这些国家包括前东欧国家和西欧国家。在部分生产率分析的基础上，建议在这些先前高效的国家中，机车和铁路的生产率应成为提高生产率的主要目标。效率分析还表明，目前最高效的铁路货运位于波罗的海国家，即爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚。如果在整体分析中不包括爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚的数据，那么在欧洲范围内，唯一真正改善的绩效指标是货车和员工的部分生产率。研究的局限性/意义-与以前在该部门进行的效率研究相反，铁路货运在欧洲国家之间显示出很大差异；因此，有必要在效率和生产率领域进行进一步的研究，以确定正在进行的结构变化。实际的意义-欧洲铁路的重组只是迈出的第一步，如果这种运输方式在将来要兴旺发展，并从其他市场中夺回市场份额，那么就需要缩小规模和增加货运量的结合。该部门的重组很可能会导致国际化，并购和多式联运解决方案的增加。这些都代表了新的研究途径。原创性/价值-本文有助于为欧洲铁路提供明确的补救措施，并为进一步的研究提供有趣的途径。

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