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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Refugee Law >Recognizing Socio-Economic Refugees in South Africa: a Principled and Rights-Based Approach to Section 3(b) of the Refugees Act
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Recognizing Socio-Economic Refugees in South Africa: a Principled and Rights-Based Approach to Section 3(b) of the Refugees Act

机译：承认南非的社会经济难民：《难民法》第3（b）条的原则性和基于权利的方法

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摘要

Section 3(b) of South Africa's Refugees Act, which substantially reproduces the expanded refugee definition from the Organisation of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (OAU Convention), accepts the refugee status of a person who, owing to ‘events seriously disturbing public order in either a part or the whole of his or her country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his or her place of habitual residence in order to seek refuge in another place outside his or her country of origin or nationality’. This article argues that socio-economic factors should be taken into account in assessing such refugee claims, in relation to the ‘events seriously disturbing public order’ and the compulsion to leave. The argument is based upon a consideration of South Africa's constitutional and international human rights commitments, its post-apartheid role within the international community and its legitimate policy concerns, as well as conceptual objections to the traditional dichotomy between refugees and economic migrants. In light of these considerations, the article then proposes an analytical framework for assessing this type of s. 3(b) refugee claim. Finally, this proposed framework is tested against fictional case studies set in Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. These case studies further undermine the traditional refugee/migrant dichotomy and suggest that the proposed framework is manageable, rights-regarding and restricted on principled grounds. It is hoped that the proposed analytical framework can provide a coherent and practical way forward in South African refugee law that recognizes the universality and indivisibility of fundamental human rights. Further, given the growing international consensus regarding the indivisibility of civil-political and socio-economic rights, this article may inform debates about the treatment of socio-economic rights deprivations in refugee law beyond South Africa and the OAU Convention.
机译：南非的《难民法》第3（b）节，实质上复制了《非洲统一组织关于非洲难民问题特定方面的公约》（《非统组织公约》）中扩大的难民定义，接受了由于以下原因而获得难民身份的人： “在他或她的原籍国或国籍的部分或整个国家中严重扰乱公共秩序的事件，被迫离开他或她的惯常居住地，以便在他或她的原籍国以外的其他地方寻求庇护或国籍'。本文认为，在评估此类难民索赔时，应考虑与“严重扰乱公共秩序的事件”和强迫离开有关的社会经济因素。该论点是基于对南非的宪法和国际人权承诺，其在国际社会中的种族隔离政策后的作用以及其合理的政策关注，以及对难民和经济移民之间传统二分法的概念性反对。鉴于这些考虑，本文随后提出了一种评估此类s的分析框架。 3（b）难民索赔。最后，针对埃塞俄比亚，津巴布韦和莫桑比克的虚构案例研究对该框架进行了测试。这些案例研究进一步破坏了传统的难民/移民二分法，并表明拟议的框架是可管理的，尊重权利的，并在原则上受到限制。希望拟议中的分析框架能够为承认基本人权的普遍性和不可分割性的南非难民法提供一个连贯和实际的方法。此外，鉴于关于公民政治和社会经济权利的不可分割性的国际共识日益增加，本文可能会为有关在南非和《非统组织公约》以外对难民法中剥夺社会经济权利的待遇的辩论提供参考。

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