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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Refugee Law >Protecting the Right to Housing in the Aftermath of Natural Disaster: Standards in International Human Rights Law
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Protecting the Right to Housing in the Aftermath of Natural Disaster: Standards in International Human Rights Law

机译：自然灾害后的住房权保护：国际人权法标准

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摘要

In 2006, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reported that an average of 211 million people each year were directly affected by the accumulated impact of natural disasters.1 This is approximately five times the number of people thought to have been affected by conflict over the past decade.2 It is commonly expected that, as a result of climate change, population growth and inappropriate urbanisation, the incidence, severity and impact of natural disasters will continue to rise. And yet while the obligations of states in situations of armed conflict have been extensively debated, the applicability of human rights law in the aftermath of natural disaster has not been so widely examined by regional or international human rights bodies. This paper considers the obligations of governments in the aftermath of natural disasters, with a particular focus on the right to housing. The applicability of human rights law (and specifically economic, social and cultural rights) in the aftermath of natural disaster is considered in a general sense, followed by a discussion of the content of the right to housing, and the obligations of governments to respect, protect and fulfil this right in the course of responding to disaster. The question of whether states have an obligation to provide restitution, compensation or other form of reparation to those who have lost homes, land and property by reason of natural disaster is also discussed. The paper draws on examples from the Indian Ocean tsunami (2004), the Pakistan earthquake (2005) and the South Asian floods (2007), and identifies specific elements of government obligations that are of particular importance in ensuring the right to adequate housing in the aftermath of natural disaster.
机译：2006年，联合国难民事务高级专员报告说，每年平均有2.11亿人直接受到自然灾害累积影响的影响。1这大约是被认为遭受了自然灾害冲突影响的人数的五倍。人们普遍预计，由于气候变化，人口增长和不适当的城市化，自然灾害的发生率，严重性和影响将继续上升。然而，尽管对国家在武装冲突中的义务进行了广泛辩论，但区域或国际人权机构并未如此广泛地审查人权法在自然灾害后的适用性。本文考虑了自然灾害后政府的义务，特别着重于住房权。从一般意义上考虑了自然灾害后人权法（特别是经济，社会和文化权利）的适用性，然后讨论了住房权的内容以及政府的尊重义务，在应对灾难的过程中保护和实现这项权利。还讨论了国家是否有义务向因自然灾害而失去房屋，土地和财产的人提供赔偿，补偿或其他形式的赔偿的问题。该文件借鉴了印度洋海啸（2004年），巴基斯坦地震（2005年）和南亚洪水（2007年）中的例子，并指出了政府义务的特定要素，这些要素对于确保该地区的适足住房权特别重要。自然灾害的后果。

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