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首页> 外文期刊>International journal of sustainable transportation >Accounting for population exposure to vehicle-generated pollutants and environmental equity in the toll design problem
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Accounting for population exposure to vehicle-generated pollutants and environmental equity in the toll design problem

机译：在通行费设计问题中考虑人口暴露于车辆产生的污染物和环境公平

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摘要

The emissions generated by motor vehicles remain a major source of air pollutants that affect public health and contribute to anthropogenic climate change. These negative externalities can be reduced, in part, with the implementation of environmentally oriented road pricing schemes, which can be designed using optimization-based approaches. In this paper, a toll design problem is proposed for determining toll locations and levels that minimize the expected human exposure to air pollutants and the related environmental inequalities, subject to constraints on pollutant concentration levels and implementation costs. The practical use of the proposed problem is hindered in most real-world applications by the computational costs associated with the evaluation of candidate solutions, as is common for network design problems. Furthermore, the problem cannot be expressed analytically given the multiple types of models (e.g., traffic assignment, emissions, air dispersion models) that would be required to evaluate a single design alternative. For these reasons, a derivative-free surrogate-based solution algorithm is proposed for mixed integer problems like the ones considered here. Numerical examples are used to illustrate possible applications of the proposed model and to test the performance of the surrogate-based algorithm. Relative to a joint simulated annealing-genetic algorithm heuristic and a genetic algorithm-based approach, the proposed algorithm found better solutions in fewer function evaluations.
机译：机动车辆产生的排放物仍然是影响公共健康并导致人为气候变化的主要空气污染物来源。这些负面的外部性可以部分地通过实施以环境为导向的道路价格计划来减少，该计划可以使用基于优化的方法来设计。在本文中，提出了一种通行费设计问题，用于确定通行费的位置和水平，以使预期的人类对空气污染物的暴露以及相关的环境不平等最小化，但要受污染物浓度水平和实施成本的约束。在大多数实际应用中，与网络解决方案中常见的候选解决方案评估相关的计算成本阻碍了所提出问题的实际使用。此外，考虑到评估单个设计替代方案所需的多种类型的模型（例如，交通分配，排放，空气扩散模型），无法通过分析来表达该问题。由于这些原因，针对混合整数问题（如此处考虑的问题），提出了一种基于无导数的替代方案的求解算法。数值示例用于说明所提出模型的可能应用，并测试基于代理的算法的性能。相对于联合模拟退火遗传算法和基于遗传算法的方法，该算法在较少的函数评估中找到了更好的解决方案。

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