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首页> 外文期刊>International Ophthalmology >Causes of childhood visual impairment and unmet low-vision care in blind school students in Ghana
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Causes of childhood visual impairment and unmet low-vision care in blind school students in Ghana

机译：加纳盲校学生儿童视觉障碍的原因和低视力护理未得到满足

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The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of childhood visual impairment and blindness in students of a school for blind children, to determine how many students had some residual vision, and to evaluate any unmet low-vision care. A survey of students in the blind school was conducted in two parts in May–June and then October 2003. The sample consisted of 201 students who became blind before the age of 16. Information was obtained from student interviews, doctors’ referral notes and ophthalmic examination of all students who consented. Students with residual vision had low-vision assessments. These investigations were supplemented with active participation of the investigators in Parent–Teacher Association meetings and focus group discussions with parents. One hundred and ninety-nine students consented and were recruited, whereas two declined. Ninety-six became visually impaired within their first year of life and 33 by the age of 5 years. Pathology of the cornea and then the lens were the commonest causes of blindness. One hundred and eight students were totally blind, whereas 87 (43.7%) had some residual vision and formed the target for the second part of the study. Fifty-one out of 77 of this target group who turned up for low-vision examination had useful residual vision by the World Health Organisation (WHO) low-vision examination chart. Spectacle magnifiers aided two students to read normal print at N5 and N8, respectively. Different visual aids would help enhance the residual vision in some of the others. Emotional trauma was apparent in parents and teachers. Children who became blind later in life remained in shock for a longer time and adapted less well to their visual impairment. Visual impairment in the population is not uncommon. Some causes are preventable. There is a significant unmet need for low-vision care, particularly amongst children in Ghana, and perhaps many countries in the West Africa subregion. It is hoped that the findings from this study will help spur sustained interventions.
机译：这项研究的目的是确定导致盲儿童学校学生童年视力障碍和失明的原因，确定有多少学生剩余视力，并评估任何未得到满足的低视力护理。在5月至6月以及2003年10月分两部分对盲人学校的学生进行了调查。该样本包括201名在16岁之前失明的学生。信息来自学生访谈，医生的转诊记录和眼科检查检查所有同意的学生。残视的学生进行了弱视评估。这些调查得到调查员积极参与家长教师协会会议以及与家长进行的焦点小组讨论的补充。一百九十九名学生同意并被录用，而两名拒绝了。 96岁的儿童在其生命的第一年就成为视力障碍者，到5岁时成为33岁。角膜和晶状体的病理是失明的最常见原因。 108名学生完全失明，而87名（43.7％）的视力有所残留，构成了研究第二部分的目标。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的低视力检查表，在接受低视力检查的这一目标群体中有77个中的五十一具有有用的残留视力。眼镜放大镜帮助两名学生分别在N5和N8处阅读正常印刷品。不同的视觉辅助工具将有助于增强其他一些视觉辅助工具的残余视力。父母和老师的情绪创伤很明显。在以后的生活中变得盲目的儿童会在更长的时间内保持休克状态，并且对视力障碍的适应能力较差。人群的视力障碍并不少见。某些原因是可以预防的。尤其是在加纳的儿童中，也许在西非次区域的许多国家中，对低视力护理的需求尚未得到满足。希望这项研究的结果将有助于刺激持续的干预措施。

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