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首页> 外文期刊>International Public Management Journal >PUBLIC AND PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM PUBLIC/MUNICIPAL TO PRIVATE-AND BACK TO MUNICIPAL AND 'THIRD SECTOR' PROVISION
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PUBLIC AND PERSONAL SOCIAL SERVICES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FROM PUBLIC/MUNICIPAL TO PRIVATE-AND BACK TO MUNICIPAL AND 'THIRD SECTOR' PROVISION

机译：从公共/市政到私人，再到市政和“第三部门”规定，欧洲国家的公共和个人社会服务

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摘要

This article discusses the provision of public services (public utilities) and personal social services in European countries. In pursuing a historical perspective, four stages are discerned: the pre-welfare state of the late nineteenth century; the advanced welfare state climaxing in the 1970s; the neo-liberal policy phase since the early 1980s; and the recent phase since the mid-2000s. It is argued that, during each phase, the prevalent organizational form of service provision (whether municipal/public, private, or third sector) was shaped by the current dominant political beliefs and discourse; that is, by the ��social democratic�� assumption of the operational preference of public/municipal sector provision until the 1970s and the neo-liberal trust in the operational superiority of market liberalization and privatization. In the recent phase since the mid-2000s, divergent trends are observed. On the one hand, the neo-liberal market and privatization drive has persisted while, on the other, in reaction to the downturn of the neo-liberal policy tenets and the socio-economic fallout of fiscal austerity policies, a comeback of the public/municipal sector (remunicipalization) in public service provision and a (re-)emergence of third sector organizations and actors in the provision of personal social services and care have taken shape, somewhat reminiscent of the pre-welfare state engagement of societal actors.
机译：本文讨论了欧洲国家中公共服务（公共事业）和个人社会服务的提供。从历史的角度来看，可分为四个阶段：十九世纪末的福利前状态；第二阶段。 1970年代先进的福利国家达到高潮；自1980年代初以来的新自由主义政策阶段；以及自2000年代中期以来的最新阶段。有人认为，在每个阶段，服务提供的普遍组织形式（无论是市政/公共，私营或第三部门）是由当前的主流政治信仰和话语所塑造的；也就是说，通过“社会民主主义”假设，直到1970年代为止，公共/市政部门提供的经营偏好，而新自由主义则相信市场自由化和私有化的经营优势。在2000年代中期以来的最近阶段，观察到了不同的趋势。一方面，新自由市场和私有化的驱动力持续存在，另一方面，由于新自由主义政策宗旨的低迷和财政紧缩政策的社会经济影响，公众/市政部门在提供公共服务方面的（区县化）以及第三部门组织和参与者在提供个人社会服务和照顾方面的（重新）出现，这在某种程度上让人联想到福利期之前社会参与者的参与。

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