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The role of building learning cities in the rejuvenation of Africa

机译：建设学习型城市在非洲复兴中的作用

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Although Africa has been home to famous ancient cities in the past, its modern conurbation areas are poor living spaces characterised by squalor, poor planning and human misery. The authors of this paper argue that the learning city concept, still almost unknown in Africa, holds enormous potential for redressing the dysfunctional state of things and for guiding future orderly development of African cities. There have been timid attempts at operationalising the learning city concept, for example in the Western Cape (South Africa) between 2004 and 2006, in Gaborone (Botswana) between 2008 and 2010, and in Lagos State (Nigeria) from 2007 onwards. Furthermore, two African governments, namely those of Nigeria (2005) and South Africa (2006), joined the global “Cities Alliance” partnership, which operates a “Cities without slums action plan”. However, many of these projects have not been successful, and the authors of this article identify five factors which have stood in the way of their proper take-off. Based on this analysis, the authors then propose a model for future learning city projects in Africa. It is a process model that uses critical awareness-building promoted by civil society organisations and government and harnesses the pressure of other social dynamics such as ethnic culture clusters. The authors then offer three policy recommendations and conclude by expressing their hope that the learning city concept will take hold and unfold its potential in Africa in the foreseeable future.
机译：尽管非洲过去曾是著名的古老城市的所在地，但其现代居住区却是贫瘠的生活空间，其特征是肮脏，规划欠佳和人类苦难。本文的作者认为，学习型城市的概念在非洲仍然几乎不为人所知，它在纠正事物功能失调的状态以及指导非洲城市未来的有序发展方面具有巨大的潜力。在2004年至2006年之间的西开普省（南非），2008年至2010年之间的哈博罗内（博茨瓦纳）以及2007年之后的拉各斯州（尼日利亚），尝试实施学习型城市概念的胆怯尝试。此外，尼日利亚（2005年）和南非（2006年）两个非洲政府加入了全球“城市联盟”伙伴关系，该伙伴关系运作着“无贫民窟城市行动计划”。但是，其中许多项目都没有成功，本文的作者确定了阻碍其正常起飞的五个因素。基于此分析，作者随后提出了一个用于非洲未来学习型城市项目的模型。它是一个过程模型，使用的是公民社会组织和政府所倡导的批判性意识建设，并利用了其他社会动力（如种族文化集群）的压力。然后，作者提供了三项政策建议，并最后表示了他们的希望，即在可预见的将来学习型城市的概念将继续存在并发挥其在非洲的潜力。

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