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首页> 外文期刊>ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing >Characterizing reflectance anisotropy of background soil in open-canopy plantations using UAV-based multiangular images
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Characterizing reflectance anisotropy of background soil in open-canopy plantations using UAV-based multiangular images

机译：基于UAV的多疆图像表征开放式种植园背景土的反射态各向异性

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摘要

The canopy bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) plays a pivotal role in estimating the biophysical parameters of plants, whereas soil background anisotropy creates challenges for their retrieval. Soil optical properties affect canopy anisotropic characteristics, especially in open-canopy areas. However, the remote sensing of background anisotropy is challenging due to the difficulties of information extraction in complex forest ecosystems and varying illumination conditions. This study develops an efficient photogrammetric technique to extract the background soil bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multiangular images and to verify the need for accurate soil anisotropy information in canopy radiative transfer modeling. Soil BRF profiles were measured over three open-canopy sample plots from multiangular remotely sensed multispectral images collected with a hexacopter. As validation, reference soil BRF profiles were synchronously acquired by a ground-based multiangular imaging system.A high level of consistency between the ground- and UAV-measured soil BRF was observed with an RMSE of less than 0.012. Uncertainty analysis of the measured soil BRF showed that multiple scattering between sunlit soil in large sunflecks and foliage elements contributed less than 5%. Both results demonstrated that soil anisotropy can be accurately extracted from UAV multiangular measurements. To explicitly demonstrate that the use of soil anisotropy can reduce uncertainties in canopy radiative transfer simulations, we simulated the canopy BRF with Lambertian soil and with anisotropic soil using a three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer model under different soil moisture content (SMC) levels, canopy cover (CC) levels and solar zenith angles (SZAs) with simulated realistic forest scenes. We found that less CC, lower SZAs and less SMC lead to a more significant influence of soil anisotropy on canopy reflectance; e.g., the reflectance bias reaches up to 0.3 in the hotspot direction. This illustrates that neglecting soil anisotropy can cause considerable errors in the modeling of the canopy BRF of open forests (i.e., CC levels of less than 0.5). The proposed technique facilitates the characterization of anisotropic forest background soil, which is important for advancing canopy radiative transfer modeling and validation and for the retrieval of vegetation parameters.
机译：冠层双向反射率分布函数（BRDF）在估计植物的生物物理参数方面发挥了枢转作用，而土壤背景各向异性为他们的检索产生挑战。土壤光学性质影响冠层各向异性特性，特别是在开阔的冠层中。然而，由于复杂森林生态系统中的信息提取和不同的照明条件，因此遥感背景各向异性是挑战。本研究开发了一种高效的摄影测量技术，以从无人驾驶飞行器（UAV）的多边图像中提取背景土壤双向反射因子（BRF），并验证Canopy辐射转移建模中精确的土壤各向异性信息。通过用六泊位收集的多态远程感测多光谱图像在三个开阔的冠层样本图中测量土壤BRF型材。作为验证，参考土壤BRF型材通过基于地基的多态成像系统同步获取。观察到地面和无人机测量的土壤BRF之间的高水平，其RMSE小于0.012。测量的土壤BRF的不确定性分析表明，大型阳光下的阳光土壤和叶子元素中的阳光土壤之间的多次散射贡献小于5％。这两个结果表明，可以从UAV多边测量中精确提取土壤各向异性。明确证明土壤各向异性的使用可以减少冠层辐射转移模拟中的不确定性，我们模拟了在不同土壤水分含量（SMC）水平下的三维（3D）辐射转移模型的兰伯蒂安土壤和各向异性土壤的冠层BRF ，天篷覆盖（CC）水平和太阳能天性角度（SZAS），具有模拟的现实森林场景。我们发现较少的CC，降低Szas和较少的SMC导致土壤各向异性对树冠反射的影响更大;例如，反射率偏差在热点方向上达到0.3。这说明忽略的土壤各向异性可能在开放森林的冠层BRF的建模中引起相当大的误差（即，CC水平小于0.5）。该技术促进了各向异性森林背景土的表征，这对于推进冠层辐射转移建模和验证以及检索植被参数是重要的。

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  • 作者

    Li Linyuan; Mu Xihan; Qi Jianbo; Pisek Jan; Roosjen Peter; Yan Guangjian; Huang Huaguo; Liu Shouyang; Baret Frederic;

  • 作者单位

    Beijing Normal Univ Fac Geog Sci State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China|Beijing Forestry Univ Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China|INRAE EMMAH UMR1114 F-84914 Avignon 9 France;

    Beijing Normal Univ Fac Geog Sci State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China;

    Beijing Forestry Univ Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    Univ Tartu Tartu Observ Observ 1 EE-61602 Toravere Tartumaa Estonia;

    Wageningen Univ & Res Lab Geoinformat Sci & Remote Sensing Droevendaalsesteeg 3 NL-6708 PB Wageningen Netherlands;

    Beijing Normal Univ Fac Geog Sci State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100875 Peoples R China;

    Beijing Forestry Univ Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China;

    INRAE EMMAH UMR1114 F-84914 Avignon 9 France;

    INRAE EMMAH UMR1114 F-84914 Avignon 9 France;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Reflectance anisotropy; Background soil; UAV-based multiangular images; Multiple scattering; 3D radiative transfer; Open-canopy forest;

    机译：反射态各向异性;背景土壤;基于UAV的多边图像;多次散射;3D辐射转移;开放式雨林;

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