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The Effects of Air Pollution upon Public Health

机译:空气污染对公共卫生的影响

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摘要

Air pollution is a ubiquitous hazard in most parts of the world. Decades of epidemiological research have provided evidence on the long-term health effect of exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and ozone, and household air pollution from domestic solid fuel use for cooking. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) estimated that ambient and household air pollution together accounted for about 4.6 million premature deaths and 147 million disability adjusted life years in 2017, representing the top environmental risk factor and the fifth leading risk factor for poor health globally. This chapter first describes the key concepts and methodology related to disease burden estimation in epidemiology, with a specific focus on the scope of the GBD; then, the existing evidence on the specific health effects of different air pollutants are examined, followed by a note on the limitations of the evidence and future research needs.
机译:空气污染是世界大部分地区的无处不在的危险。几十年的流行病学研究提供了有关暴露于环境细颗粒物质和臭氧的长期健康影响,以及家庭固体燃料用途的家用空气污染进行烹饪。全球疾病研究负担(GBD)估计,环境和家庭空气污染共同占2017年的约460万人死亡人和14700万残疾,而是在全球范围内的最高环境风险因素和第五个领先风险因素。本章首先介绍了流行病学中与疾病负担估算有关的关键概念和方法,具体关注GBD的范围;然后,研究了关于不同空气污染物的特定健康影响的现有证据,然后是关于证据和未来研究需求的局限性的说明。

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