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Climate Change and Health

机译：气候变化和健康

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摘要

Climate change is affecting the geographic range and seasonality of injuries, illnesses and deaths associated with extreme weather and climate events. This includes events such as floods and heatwaves; changes in air quality; increases in the geographic range, seasonality and/or intensity of transmission of infectious diseases such as diarrheal disease and vectorborne diseases (e.g., Lyme disease, dengue and malaria); undernutrition; and the health consequences associated with delayed and/or cascading effects of climate change or the policies and programs implemented to manage them (e.g., undernutrition, conflict, migration, and mental stress). Projections suggest increases in most climate-sensitive health outcomes over coming decades if no actions are taken to prepare for and reduce the risks through adaptation and mitigation. Proactive and effective adaptation has the potential to reduce many of the projected risks. Health system policies and programs need to take into account not just climate change, but also changes in population health status and health system capacity. The magnitude and pattern of health risks past mid-century will be determined largely by the extent to which greenhouse gas emissions are reduced and by the extent to which health systems are strengthened to manage current and prepare for projected risks.
机译：气候变化正在影响与极端天气和气候事件相关的伤害，疾病和死亡的地理范围和季节性。这包括洪水和散热器等事件;空气质量的变化;地理范围，季节性和/或传播的传播疾病等腹泻病和载体疾病（例如莱姆病，登革热和疟疾）增加;营养不良;以及与气候变化的延迟和/或级联影响有关的健康后果或实施以管理它们的政策和方案（例如，欠前，冲突，移民和精神压力）。预测建议在未来几十年内增加大多数气候敏感的健康结果，如果没有采取行动，通过适应和缓解来减少风险。主动和有效的适应有可能减少许多预计风险。卫生系统政策和方案需要考虑到不仅仅是气候变化，而且还需要改变人口健康状况和卫生系统能力。在世纪中期的健康风险的大小和模式将在很大程度上根据温室气体排放的程度和卫生系统加强的程度来管理，以管理当前并准备预计风险。

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