Commercial satellite imagery shows that North Korea has been progressively modernising its emergency airfield capabilities since late 2015 by adapting highways for use as airstrips, building aircraft shelters, and developing contingency airfields. The measures seem to be part of a nationwide modernisation programme designed to bolster the infrastructure of the Korean People's Air Force (KPAF). Built on specially reinforced highway sections or on compacted dirt roads, the highway airstrips average 1.8 km in length and vary in width between 15 and 22 m for paved highways and 8 and 12 m for dirt and gravel roadways.
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