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Employees who do not know their labour contract term and the implications for working conditions: Evidence from Japanese and Spanish microdata

机译：不了解其劳动合同期限的员工以及对工作条件的影响：来自日本和西班牙语的证据

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摘要

In this paper, we analyse the relationship between employees who do not know the length of their labour contract (hereafter, DNK employees) and working conditions. In developed countries, labour standards regulations generally require employers to provide a labour contract with a clearly defined duration to protect the fundamental rights of workers. However, the data reveal that in the developed countries on which we focus, Japan and Spain, non-negligible proportions of employees, 8% and 11%, respectively, do not know the duration of their labour contracts. Utilizing 2012 data from the Employment Status Survey for Japan and the Economically Active Population Survey for Spain, we find that whether workers are ignorant of their contract term commonly depends on their human capital level. Women, single people, younger and older workers and less-educated workers are more likely not to know their labour contract duration. Compared with other employees, DNK employees are more dissatisfied with their current job, more likely to search for other jobs and less likely to seek more work in their current jobs. We find that DNK employees suffer from a wage penalty for non-standard status and have less access to job training, as occurs in Japan, and that specific attributes, such as immigrant status, tend to be closely related to DNK status, as occurs in Spain. Overall, DNK employment is related to poor working conditions, which indicates the importance of educating workers about labour laws to maintain the welfare of disadvantaged workers.
机译：在本文中，我们分析了不了解其劳动合同长度的员工之间的关系（下文，DNK员工）和工作条件。在发达国家，劳动标准规定一般要求雇主提供劳动合同，以明确规定的持续时间来保护工人的基本权利。然而，数据显示，在我们关注的发达国家，日本和西班牙，不可忽视的员工比例，8％和11％，不知道其劳动合同的持续时间。利用2012年日本就业状况调查的数据和西班牙的经济活动人口调查，我们发现工人是否毫无理解的合同术语通常取决于他们的人力资本水平。妇女，单身人士，年轻和老年人和更少受过教育的工人更有可能不知道他们的劳动合同期限。与其他员工相比，DNK员工对目前的工作更加不满意，更有可能在其他工作中寻找其他工作，不太可能在他们目前的工作中寻求更多工作。我们发现DNK员工遭受非标准状态的工资罚款，并且在日本发生的情况下，较少的获取就业培训，以及移民身份，如移民身份，往往与DNK状态密切相关，如此西班牙。总体而言，DNK就业与工作条件差有关，这表明教育工人有关劳动法维持弱势工人福利的重要性。

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