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Indirect exports and wholesalers: Evidence from interfirm transaction network data

机译：间接出口和批发商：企业间交易网络数据的证据

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摘要

A substantial fraction of international trade is facilitated by wholesalers, who enable manufacturers to indirectly export their products to foreign markets. Using large-scale Japanese interfirm transaction network data, this paper investigates the features of both direct and indirect exporters as well as international wholesalers. As predicted by a simple Melitz-type trade model with indirect export alternative, the sorting pattern is confirmed in our data, and the distributions of sales and labor productivity are ordered for direct, indirect, and non-exporters in terms of first order stochastic dominance. Multinomial logit analysis is also consistent with the model, which assumes lower fixed cost and higher marginal cost for indirect exporters compared to direct exporters. We also find that the number of suppliers raises the probability of direct exporting implying a cost sharing mechanism of firms with more suppliers. On the other hand, the number of customers raises the probability of exporting in general (both indirect and direct) implying a higher product appeal and broader demand base for firms who have more customers. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：批发商促进了很大一部分国际贸易，批发商使制造商能够将其产品间接出口到国外市场。本文使用日本大型企业间交易网络数据，研究了直接和间接出口商以及国际批发商的特征。正如具有间接出口替代方案的简单梅利兹（Melitz）型贸易模型所预测的那样，排序模式已在我们的数据中得到确认，并且直接，间接和非出口商的销售和劳动生产率的分布按一阶随机优势排序。 。多项式对数分析也与该模型一致，该模型假定与直接出口商相比，间接出口商的固定成本较低，边际成本较高。我们还发现，供应商的数量增加了直接出口的可能性，这意味着拥有更多供应商的公司将采用成本分担机制。另一方面，客户数量增加了总体（间接和直接）出口的可能性，这意味着更高的产品吸引力和对拥有更多客户的公司的广泛需求基础。 （C）2017 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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