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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the air & waste management association >Uncertainty requirements of the European Union's Industrial Emissions Directive for monitoring sulfur dioxide emissions: Implications from a blind comparison of sulfate measurements by accredited laboratories
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Uncertainty requirements of the European Union's Industrial Emissions Directive for monitoring sulfur dioxide emissions: Implications from a blind comparison of sulfate measurements by accredited laboratories

机译：欧盟工业排放指令中用于监测二氧化硫排放量的不确定性要求：由认可实验室对硫酸盐测量值进行盲目比较的结果

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摘要

We report results from a blind comparison of five analytical laboratories ISO/IEC 17025 (International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission) accredited for the analysis of sulfate collected in H2O2(aq) from industrial stacks in accordance with the European Standard Reference Method (SRM) for sulfur dioxide (SO2) (EN 14791): the method produced under European Commission mandate to support the enforcement of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED). Both "synthetic" (sodium sulfate dissolved in aqueous hydrogen peroxide [H2O2(aq)]) and "real" (extracted and collected from a stack simulator facility in accordance with EN 14791) samples were prepared across 2-10 and 10-290 mg center dot m(0)(-3) emission equivalent concentration ranges, respectively. From the measurements returned by the laboratories, it was found that in 35% of the former and 28% of the latter the stated expanded uncertainty limits did not intersect with the mean. It was also found with the real samples that in 30% of the 46 different concentration test levels the stated expanded uncertainty of at least two of the laboratories did not intersect. With respect to compliance monitoring, it was found that EN 14791 was capable of enforcing emission limits under the IED associated with waste incinerators (i.e., 50 mg center dot m(0)(-3)), as only 3% of the deviations were in excess of the required uncertainty (commensurate with a 95% level of confidence). However, with respect to the use of EN 14791 for calibration of automated measuring systems (AMSs), it was found that 38.5% of the deviations were in excess of the uncertainty recommended by at least one national regulator as being necessary for EN 14791 to be an "effective tool" for the calibration of AMSs. With emission limits under the IED and the Best Available Technique Reference (BREF) documents it adopts becoming increasingly stringent, it is clear that more work is needed to determine the capability of the SRM and also alternative methods based on portable instruments. Implications: The deviations observed between laboratories ISO/IEC 17025 accredited for sulfate analysis bring into question the monitoring communities' ability to routinely meet the uncertainty requirements associated with increasingly stringent SO2 emission limits under the European Union's Industrial Emissions Directive. Furthermore, with even further reductions in the near future due to legislative adoption of BREF documents, such issues are only likely to be exacerbated. If the European monitoring community is to have confidence in the capability of the existing Standard Reference Method described in EN 14791 for enforcing increasingly stringent limits, work is needed to validate this method at these lower emission levels.
机译：我们报告了对五个分析实验室ISO / IEC 17025（国际标准化组织/国际电工委员会）进行盲目比较的结果，该实验室已按照欧洲标准参考方法（SRM）进行了从工业烟囱中H2O2（aq）中收集的硫酸盐分析的认可）中的二氧化硫（SO2）（EN 14791）：根据欧盟委员会授权生产的用于支持工业排放指令（IED）实施的方法。 “合成”（溶解在过氧化氢水溶液中的硫酸钠）和“真实”（根据EN 14791从烟囱模拟器设施中提取并收集）样品均在2-10天内制备， 10-290 mg中心点m（0）（-3）的发射当量浓度范围。从实验室返回的测量结果中，发现在前者的35％和后者的28％中，所述扩展不确定度限值与平均值不相交。在真实样品中还发现，在46种不同浓度测试水平的30％中，至少两个实验室的扩展不确定度没有相交。关于合规性监控，发现EN 14791能够在与废物焚化炉相关的IED下执行排放限值（即50 mg中心点m（0）（-3）），因为只有3％的偏差是超过所需的不确定性（与95％的置信度相对应）。但是，关于使用EN 14791进行自动测量系统（AMS）的校准，发现有38.5％的偏差超出了至少一个国家监管机构建议的不确定度，这是EN 14791所必需的。用于校准AMS的“有效工具”。随着IED的排放限值和《最佳可行技术参考》（BREF）文件的采用，它变得越来越严格，很明显，需要更多的工作来确定SRM的功能以及基于便携式仪器的替代方法。涵义：认可用于硫酸盐分析的ISO / IEC 17025实验室之间的偏差使监测界常规地满足不确定性要求的能力受到质疑，该不确定性要求与欧盟工业排放指令中日益严格的SO2排放限值相关。此外，由于立法上采纳了BREF文件，在不久的将来甚至进一步减少了此类问题，这种问题只会加剧。如果欧洲监测界对EN 14791中描述的现有标准参考方法对执行日益严格的限值的能力充满信心，则需要在这些较低的排放水平下验证该方法的工作。

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