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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the American Helicopter Society >How Long Do Pilots Look Forward? Prospective Visual Guidance in Terrain-Hugging Flight
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How Long Do Pilots Look Forward? Prospective Visual Guidance in Terrain-Hugging Flight

机译：飞行员期待多长时间？地形飞行中的前瞻性视觉指导

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The title of this paper reflects the notion that pilots need to predict their future flight trajectory, and hence exercise prospective control, to ensure safe passage over cluttered and undulating terrain. Of critical importance is how long, in time, a pilot needs to be able to see the surface and objects ahead of the aircraft to predict the future trajectory and, hence, maintain an adequate safety margin for guidance. The emphasis here is on how long in time, rather than how far in space. Understanding the nature of the temporal mental "models" required to support this prediction is considered key to understanding the workings of the human motion perception system, and how they might be exploited in the design of aids to flight guidance in degraded visual conditions. A related question is how the safety margin might connect to the handling qualities construct, the Usable Cue Environment (UCE), which was developed to help determine the control response type to meet the (ADS33) handling qualities requirements for flight in poor visibility. Answers to these questions can be used to inform the design of pilot vision aids on the one hand, and to provide a more quantitative basis for the UCE construct on the other. Results are reported from research on this theme aimed at developing a more quantitative basis for the UCE, based on fundamental perception principles. The visual requirements for vertical maneuvering over undulating terrain are addressed, and how these lead to natural relationships between the selected speed and height. The theoretical framework is supported by results from piloted simulation trials, with a detailed examination of the temporal variables associated with vertical and horizontal flight path control in degraded visual conditions.
机译：本文的标题反映了以下观点：飞行员需要预测其未来的飞行轨迹，并因此进行前瞻性控制，以确保在杂乱起伏的地形上安全通过。至关重要的是，飞行员必须能够及时观察飞机前方的表面和物体，以预测未来的轨迹，并因此保持足够的安全裕度来进行指导。这里的重点是时间长短，而不是空间长短。理解支持这种预测所需的时间性思维“模型”的本质被认为是理解人类运动感知系统的工作的关键，以及如何在降低视觉条件下的飞行指导辅助设计中利用它们。一个相关的问题是，安全裕度如何与操纵质量构造（可用提示环境（UCE））联系起来，该结构旨在帮助确定控制响应类型以满足（ADS33）对能见度较差的飞行的操纵质量要求。这些问题的答案一方面可用于指导飞行员视觉辅助设备的设计，另一方面可为UCE构造提供更定量的基础。据报道，针对该主题的研究结果旨在基于基本感知原理为UCE开发更定量的基础。解决了在起伏的地形上进行垂直操纵的视觉要求，以及这些视觉要求如何导致所选速度和高度之间的自然关系。理论框架得到了试点模拟试验的结果的支持，并详细检查了在退化的视觉条件下与垂直和水平飞行路径控制相关的时间变量。

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