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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of applied measurement >Response Dependence And The Measurement Of Change
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Response Dependence And The Measurement Of Change

机译：响应依赖性和变化的度量

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Because of confounding effects that can mask change when persons respond to the same items on more than one occasion, the measurement of change is a challenge. The specific effect on change studied in this paper is that observed when responses of persons to items at time 2 are dependent statistically on their responses at time 1. In addition, because this response dependence may affect the change differently for different locations of items relative to persons at time 1, the initial targeting of persons to items was studied. For a specific change in means of persons, dichotomous data were simulated according to the Rasch model with varying degrees of dependence and varying initial targeting of persons to items. Data were analysed, also using the Rasch model, in two ways: firstly, by treating items used at time 1 and time 2 as distinct ones (rack analysis) and, secondly, by treating persons at time 1 and time 2 as distinct ones (stack analysis). With the rack analysis the change is revealed through the item parameters and with the stack analysis the change is revealed through the person parameters. With no response dependence the two analyses gave equivalent and correct measures of change. With increasing dependence change was increasingly masked or increasingly amplified, depending on the targeting of items to persons at time 1. Response dependence affected the measurement of change in both analyses, but not always in the same way. The paper serves as a warning against undetected dependence and also considers evidence that can be used in the analysis of real data sets for detecting the presence of dependence when measuring change.
机译：由于混杂的影响会掩盖人们在多个场合下对相同项目做出响应时的变化，因此衡量变化是一项挑战。本文研究的对变化的特定影响是在人员对时间2的项目的响应在统计上依赖于他们在时间1的响应时观察到的。此外，由于这种响应依赖性可能会影响项目相对于项目不同位置的变化。在时间1的人员，研究了人员对物品的初始定位。对于人员方式的特定变化，根据Rasch模型对二分数据进行了模拟，具有不同的依赖程度和人员对项目的初始目标。还使用Rasch模型以两种方式分析数据：首先，将在时间1和时间2使用的项目视为不同的项目（机架分析）；其次，通过将在时间1和时间2使用的人员视为不同的项目（堆栈分析）。通过货架分析，更改通过项目参数显示，而通过堆栈分析，更改通过人员参数显示。在没有响应依赖性的情况下，这两种分析给出了等效且正确的变化量度。随着依赖性的增加，变化被掩盖或被放大，这取决于物品在时间1的目标。响应依赖性影响了两种分析中变化的度量，但并不总是以相同的方式发生。这篇文章是对未发现依赖项的警告，还考虑了可以用于分析真实数据集的证据，以便在测量变化时检测依赖项的存在。

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