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Evaluating Judge Performance in Sport

机译：评估运动中的裁判表现

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摘要

Many sports, such as, gymnastics, diving, ski jumping, and figure skating, use judges' scores to determine the winner of a competition. These judges use some type of rating scale when judging performances (e.g., figure skating: 0.0 - 6.0). Sport governing bodies have the responsibility of setting and enforcing quality control parameters for judge performance. Given the judging scandals in figure skating at the 1998 and 2002 Olympics, judge performance in sport is receiving greater scrutiny. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how results from Rasch analyses can be used to provide in-depth feedback to judges about their scoring patterns. Nine judges' scores for 20 pairs of figure skaters who competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics were analyzed using a four-faceted (skater pair ability, skating aspect difficulty, program difficulty, and judge severity) Rasch rating scale model that was not common to all judges. Fit statistics, the logical ordering of skating aspects, skating programs, and separation indices all indicated a good fit of the data to the model. The type of feedback that can be given to judges about their scoring pattern was illustrated for one judge (USA) whose performance was flagged as being unpredictable. Feedback included a detailed description of how the rating scale was used; for example, 10% of all marks given by the American judge were unexpected by the model (Z > |2|). Three figures illustrated differences between the judge's observed and expected marks arranged according to the pairs' skating order and final placement in the competition. Scores which may represent "nationalistic bias" or a skating order influence were flagged by looking at these figures. If sport governing bodies wish to improve the performance of their judges, they need to employ methods that monitor the internal consistency of each judge as a many-facet Rasch analysis does.
机译：许多运动，例如体操，跳水，跳台滑雪和花样滑冰，都使用裁判的分数来确定比赛的获胜者。这些评委在评判表演时会使用某种类型的评分表（例如，花样滑冰：0.0-6.0）。体育管理机构负责设置和执行质量控制参数，以提高裁判的表现。考虑到1998年和2002年奥运会花样滑冰比赛中的裁判丑闻，体育界的法官表现受到了越来越多的审查。本文的目的是说明Rasch分析的结果如何用于为判断者的评分方式提供深入的反馈。我们使用并非所有人都通用的四方面（溜冰者对能力，溜冰方面的难度，程序难度和裁判的严谨性）Rasch评分量表模型来分析20位参加2002年冬季奥运会的花样滑冰运动员的9位裁判的得分。法官。拟合统计，滑冰方面的逻辑排序，滑冰程序和分离索引都表明数据与模型非常吻合。一位法官（美国）的表现被标记为不可预测，说明了可以向法官提供评分模式的反馈类型。反馈中包含有关如何使用评分表的详细说明；例如，美国法官给出的所有标记中有10％在模型中是意外的（Z> | 2 |）。三张图显示了根据两人的滑冰顺序和比赛的最终位置排列的裁判的观察标记和预期标记之间的差异。通过查看这些数字，可以标记出可能代表“民族偏见”或溜冰顺序影响的得分。如果体育管理机构希望提高其法官的表现，则他们需要像多方面Rasch分析那样采用监视每个法官内部一致性的方法。

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