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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >Vertical and Horizontal Redistributions from a Carbon Tax and Rebate
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Vertical and Horizontal Redistributions from a Carbon Tax and Rebate

机译：碳税和退税的垂直和水平再分配

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摘要

Are carbon taxes regressive? To calculate effects of a carbon tax on each family's expenditures, plus distributional effects of three revenue-recycling mechanisms, we employ the US Treasury Distribution Model. It includes 322,000 tax returns, matched social security information, imputations from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, and an input-output matrix to calculate output prices. Accounting for statutory indexing of federal transfer programs, the calculated carbon tax burden as a fraction of consumption is progressive. Rebate of revenues via transfers makes it even more progressive. Within each decile, we find large variation in energy demands such as for heat in winter and cooling in summer. As a result, commonly ignored horizontal redistributions within deciles are shown to exceed vertical redistributions between deciles. Rebates via transfers widen horizontal redistributions. Some reforms deliver net income gains to the poorest families on average, even as a majority of those poor families incur losses.
机译：碳税会退步吗？为了计算碳税对每个家庭支出的影响，再加上三种收入回收机制的分配影响，我们采用了美国财政部分配模型。它包括322,000份纳税申报表，匹配的社会保障信息，来自消费者支出调查的估算值以及用于计算产出价格的投入产出矩阵。考虑到联邦转移计划的法定索引编制，计算得出的碳税负担（占消费的一部分）是渐进式的。通过转移支付的收入返还使其更加累进。在每个十分位中，我们发现能源需求的变化很大，例如冬天的热量和夏天的热量。结果，显示出十分之内通常被忽略的水平重新分布超过了各个十分位之间的垂直重新分布。通过转移支付的返利扩大了水平再分配。一些改革平均使最贫穷的家庭获得了净收入增长，即使其中大多数贫穷家庭蒙受了损失。

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