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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >When Externalities Are Taxed: The Effects and Incidence of Pennsylvania's Impact Fee on Shale Gas Wells
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When Externalities Are Taxed: The Effects and Incidence of Pennsylvania's Impact Fee on Shale Gas Wells

机译：对外部性征税时：宾夕法尼亚州影响费对页岩气井的影响和发生率

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摘要

To pay for environmental and public infrastructure costs associated with shale gas wells, Pennsylvania introduced a per-well impart fee despite concerns that it would discourage industry investment. Using a quasi-experimental design and data that nearly cover the universe of leases and wells in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, we find that leasing by energy firms declined dramatically after the fee's enactment, but little to no declines in well permitting or drilling occurred in the most geologically similar subsample. We estimate that at least 60% of the decline in leasing reflects a liquidity crunch linked to retroactive application of the fee in a time of low natural gas prices. We also observe limited pass-through of the fee to resource owners. Firms could not change the terms of leases signed before the fee, and only half of the fee was passed through in new leases, primarily through a lower royalty rate.
机译：为了支付与页岩气井相关的环境和公共基础设施成本，宾夕法尼亚州引入了每口井交付费，尽管担心这会阻碍行业投资。使用准实验设计和几乎涵盖宾夕法尼亚州，俄亥俄州和西维吉尼亚州的租赁和油井范围的数据，我们发现，能源费颁布后，能源公司的租赁量急剧下降，但在许可或钻探方面却几乎没有下降发生在地质上最相似的子样本中。我们估计，至少有60％的租赁下降反映了在天然气价格低迷时期与追溯性收取费用有关的流动性紧缩。我们还观察到费用有限地转嫁给资源所有者。公司无法更改在收取费用之前签订的租赁条款，只有一半的费用通过新的租赁通过，主要是通过降低特许权使用费率。

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