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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists >Private Net Benefits of Residential Solar P V: The Role of Electricity Tariffs, Tax Incentives, and Rebates
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Private Net Benefits of Residential Solar P V: The Role of Electricity Tariffs, Tax Incentives, and Rebates

机译：住宅太阳能PV的私人净收益：电价，税收优惠和折扣的作用

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With dramatic declines in the cost of solar PV technology since 2010, the electricity industry is in the midst of debates about whether to use this low-polluting renewable energy source in grid-scale generation or in distributed rooftop generation (DG). California has led the growth in DG solar in the United States. I use 2007 to early 2014 residential data from Pacific Gas & Electric-the utility with the largest number of residential solar customers in the United States-to examine the full range of private incentives for installing residential solar, from direct rebates and tax credits to indirect incentives that result from the residential tariff design and the crediting of solar production under "net energy metering." I then study the income distribution of solar adopters and how that has changed over time. I find the skew to wealthy households adopting solar is still significant but began to lessen after 2011. Adoption continued to be dominated by the heaviest electricity-consuming households, probably because the steeply tiered tariff structure greatly increased the private value of solar to such customers while reducing the incentive for consumers who are below median consumption. In fact, the financial incentive for those who actually adopted solar over the sample period may have been due nearly as much to California's tiered tariff structure as to the 30% federal tax credit. The California experience suggests that rate design can greatly influence the economic incentives for residential solar adoption and which customers receive those benefits.
机译：自2010年以来，随着太阳能光伏技术成本的急剧下降，电力行业正在就是否将这种低污染的可再生能源用于电网规模发电或分布式屋顶发电（DG）进行辩论。加利福尼亚引领了美国DG太阳能的增长。我使用了太平洋天然气与电力公司（Pacific Gas＆Electric）的2007年至2014年初的住宅数据（该公司是美国拥有最多住宅太阳能客户的公用事业公司）来研究安装住宅太阳能的各种私人激励措施，从直接折扣和税收抵免到间接住宅电价设计和“净能源计量”下的太阳能生产收入产生的激励措施。然后，我研究了太阳能采用者的收入分配及其随时间的变化。我发现对采用太阳能的富裕家庭的偏见仍然很大，但在2011年以后开始减少。采用率继续由最重的用电家庭主导，这可能是因为费率分层的电价结构极大地提高了太阳能对此类客户的私人价值降低对中位数消费以下的消费者的激励。实际上，在样本期内对那些实际采用太阳能的人的经济激励可能几乎与加利福尼亚州的分级关税结构和30％的联邦税收抵免有关。加州的经验表明，费率设计会极大地影响采用住宅太阳能的经济诱因，以及哪些客户会获得这些利益。

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