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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Behavioral Decision Making >Why Are Maximizers Less Happy Than Satisficers? Because They Maximize Positive and Negative Outcomes
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Why Are Maximizers Less Happy Than Satisficers? Because They Maximize Positive and Negative Outcomes

机译：为什么最大化器不如满意者满意？因为它们最大化了积极和消极的结果

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Although extant research suggests maximizing is related to objectively positive outcomes (e.g., job offers), I propose maximizing may be simultaneously and positively related to objectively negative outcomes (e.g., job rejections). Specifically, I argue maximizers bear more instances of positive and negative outcomes than satisficers, and that in spite of their positive outcomes-yet because of their negative outcomes-maximizers are less happy than satisficers. In Study 1, participants took the alternate uses test; as expected, maximizing was related to seeking alternatives, yet, maximizing was also related to seeking low-quality alternatives. Moreover, the number of low-quality alternatives partially mediated the relationship between maximizing and negative affect. In Study 2, the impact of maximizing on experiencing negative affect was further assessed by examining whether maximizing is related to seeking and choosing low-quality alternatives. Participants played the Iowa Gambling Task; it was found maximizing was related to alternating among decks, and in particular, sampling bad decks; ultimately, maximizing was related to winning less money, and experiencing more negative affect. Finally, in Study 3, participants responded to questionnaires about positive and negative life outcomes; it was found that maximizing was simultaneously related to experiencing more positive and more negative outcomes, and that negative outcomes predicted happiness to a greater degree than positive outcomes. These findings suggest an irony of maximizing: It produces both positive and negative outcomes, contributing to literature explaining why maximizers are less happy than satisficers, and ultimately whether happiness is a matter of choice.
机译：尽管现有的研究表明，最大化与客观上积极的结果（例如工作机会）有关，但我建议最大化可能与客观上负面的结果（例如工作拒绝）同时且正相关。具体来说，我认为最大化主义者比满意者承担更多的正面和负面结果，尽管它们具有正面结果，但由于他们的负面结果，最大化者并不比满意者满意。在研究1中，参与者参加了替代用途测试；不出所料，最大化与寻求替代品有关，但是，最大化也与寻求低质量替代品有关。此外，劣质替代品的数量部分地介导了最大化和负面影响之间的关系。在研究2中，通过检查最大化是否与寻找和选择低质量的替代品有关，进一步评估了最大化对经历负面影响的影响。参与者参加了爱荷华州赌博任务；发现最大化与甲板之间的交替有关，尤其是对不良甲板进行采样；最终，最大化与赢得更少的钱和遭受更多的负面影响有关。最后，在研究3中，参与者回答了关于积极和消极生活结果的问卷；研究发现，最大化与同时经历更多积极和消极结果相关，并且消极结果比快乐结果更能预测幸福。这些发现暗示了最大化的讽刺意味：它产生了积极和消极的结果，有助于解释为什么最大化者比满意者更不快乐的文献，并最终解释了幸福是否是一个选择问题。

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