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Self-employment and allostatic load

机译：自雇和同负荷

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摘要

Self-employment can be stressful and its long-term effects on individual health could be significant; yet, the physiological outcomes of self-employment related stress remain under-explored. Drawing on allostatic load as a long-term biological consequence of physiological wear and-tear and an indicator of stress response, we use three different studies to provide a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between self-employment and physiological outcomes. In Study 1, based on a sample of 194 self-employed and 1511 employed individuals, we find that self-employment is marginally related to allostatic load and allostatic load marginally mediates the relationship between self-employment and physical, but not mental, health. Study 2, based on a sample of 776 self-employed and 8003 employed individuals, extends these findings, and provides evidence that those who are self-employed for longer periods have a higher allostatic load. Finally, in Study 3 we draw on a sample of 174 twins and, consistent with Study 2, show that those reporting self-employment in two waves (about eight years apart) had a higher allostatic load, however, when leveraging problem-focused coping such individuals experienced lower allostatic load. Taken together, these three studies extend our understanding of the relationship between self-employment and wellbeing.
机译：自谋职业可能会产生压力，并且对个人健康的长期影响可能很大；然而，与个体经营有关的压力的生理结果仍未得到充分研究。我们将同种异体负荷作为生理磨损的长期生物学结果和压力反应的指标，利用三项不同的研究对个体经营和生理结果之间的关系提供了更细致的了解。在研究1中，基于对194个个体经营者和1511个个体就业者的抽样调查，我们发现个体经营与同构负荷略有相关，同构负荷在一定程度上介导了个体经营与身体健康之间的关系，而非心理健康。研究2基于776个自营职业者和8003个受雇个体的样本，扩展了这些发现，并提供了证据表明自雇时间较长的人具有更高的静力负荷。最后，在研究3中，我们抽取了174个双胞胎样本，与研究2一致，表明在两波（相距约八年）内报告自营职业的人具有更高的静力负荷，但是，在利用以问题为中心的应对方法时这些人的同种异体负荷较低。总之，这三项研究扩展了我们对自营职业与幸福之间关系的理解。

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