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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Chinese political science >The Emergence of the Citizen Concept in Modern China: 1899-1919
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The Emergence of the Citizen Concept in Modern China: 1899-1919

机译：近代中国公民观念的产生：1899-1919年

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摘要

The term "citizen" was translated into Chinese in the early 20th century, which showed a striking feature of "translated modernity". By creatively translating citizen into guomin, intellectuals of the late Qing and the early ROC (Republic of China) imagined different roads of Chinese nation-state building. In the late Qing period, "citizen" was translated from the perspective of statism. By doing so, they intended to build a powerful sovereign state by changing people's servile thoughts and arousing their modern citizen consciousness, so a nation-state rather than citizenship rights was their real goal of translating the concept. Considering the early ROC could not be a powerful nation-state, intellectuals of the early ROC changed the statist strategy and translated "citizen" from the perspective of "individualism", which aimed to build a more liberal nation-state by cultivating people's consciousness of individuality and utilitarianism. The translation of "citizen" in the late Qing and early ROC periods reflected the phenomenon of "translated modernity" which often appeared in the process of political modernization in colonial countries. That is, in order to shake off external oppression and establish an independent nation-state, intellectuals often resorted to the translation of important political concepts. The newly translated terms form new power redistribution, political ideology, and political imagination which promote the development of political modernity.
机译：“公民”一词在20世纪初被翻译成中文，表现出“翻译的现代性”的显着特征。清末民初的知识分子通过创造性地将公民转变为国民，设想了中国民族国家建设的不同道路。在清末，“公民”是从国家主义的角度翻译的。通过这样做，他们打算通过改变人们的奴役思想并唤起他们现代的公民意识来建立一个强大的主权国家，因此，民族国家而非公民权利是他们翻译这一概念的真正目标。考虑到早期中华民国不能成为一个强大的民族国家，早期中华民国的知识分子改变了国家主义策略，从“个人主义”的角度翻译了“公民”，其目的是通过培养人们的民族意识来建立一个更加自由的民族国家。个性和功利主义。清末民初的“公民”翻译反映了殖民国家政治现代化进程中经常出现的“翻译的现代性”现象。也就是说，为了摆脱外部的压迫并建立一个独立的民族国家，知识分子经常求助于重要政治概念的翻译。新翻译的术语形成了新的权力重新分配，政治意识形态和政治想象力，这些都促进了政治现代性的发展。

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