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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Community Health >Strategies to Increase Smoke Alarm Use in High-Risk Households
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Strategies to Increase Smoke Alarm Use in High-Risk Households

机译：在高风险家庭中增加使用烟雾报警器的策略

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A 3-year project was undertaken to evaluate two methods of promoting residential smoke alarm installation and maintenance in high risk households across the U.S. Five states (Arkansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, and North Carolina) participated. The two strategies under study were direct installation of smoke alarms and distribution of a voucher for free smoke alarms. The target population included occupants of high-risk households without working smoke alarms who were approached as part of a door-to-door canvassing program. Fire Safety education was provided to both groups. A follow up assessment conducted 6-12 months post intervention assessed the presence and functional status of smoke alarms in each of the two groups. Demographic and fire safety data were also collected at baseline and follow up for each group. 4,455 households were enrolled in the study [Installation Group: 2,206 (49.5%), Voucher Group: 2,249 (50.5%)]. Baseline characteristics of the groups within each state were comparable. Follow up data was obtained on 1,583 installation group households and 1,545 voucher group households. At follow up, 1,421 (89.8%) households in the installation group had working smoke alarms, compared with 997 (65%) households in the voucher group, Odds Ratio 4.82 (95% CI=3.97, 5.85) (p <.0001). On average, 47% of all households enrolled in the voucher group did not redeem their vouchers (range 26-63%). Direct installation of alarms by program staff resulted in working smoke alarms in 90% of households receiving the direct installation intervention. Only 65% of voucher households had functioning alarms at follow up, largely due to failure to redeem vouchers.
机译：进行了一个为期三年的项目，以评估在美国五个州（阿肯色州，缅因州，马里兰州，马萨诸塞州和北卡​​罗来纳州）的高风险家庭中促进住宅烟雾报警器安装和维护的两种方法。正在研究的两种策略是直接安装烟雾报警器和分发免费烟雾报警器凭证。目标人群包括没有工作烟雾报警器的高风险住户，他们是上门拉票方案的一部分。两组都进行了消防安全教育。干预后6-12个月进行的随访评估评估了两组中烟雾报警器的存在和功能状态。还在基线收集了人口和消防安全数据，并对每组进行了跟踪。这项研究招募了4,455户家庭[安装组：2,206（49.5％），代金券组：2,249（50.5％）]。每个州内各组的基线特征具有可比性。获得了1,583个安装组家庭和1,545个凭证组家庭的跟踪数据。在跟进时，安装组中有1,421（89.8％）个家庭有工作烟雾报警器，而优惠券组中有997（65％）个家庭，赔率4.82（95％CI = 3.97，5.85）（p <.0001） 。平均而言，参加凭证组的所有家庭中有47％的人没有兑换凭证（范围为26-63％）。计划人员直接安装警报器后，接受直接安装干预的90％的家庭都产生了烟雾报警器。只有65％的代金券家庭在跟进时会发出警报，这在很大程度上是由于未能兑现代金券。

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