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Computational model of excitatory/inhibitory ratio imbalance role in attention deficit disorders

机译：注意力不足障碍中兴奋/抑制比失衡作用的计算模型

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摘要

Impairments in attentional behaviors, including over-selectivity, under-selectivity, distractibility and difficulty in shift of attention, are widely reported in several developmental disorders, including autism. Uncharacteristic inhibitory to excitatory neuronal number ratio (IER) and abnormal synaptic strength levels in the brain are two broadly accepted neurobiological disorders observed in autistic individuals. These neurobiological findings are contrasting and their relation to the atypical attentional behaviors is not clear yet. In this paper, we take a computational approach to investigate the relation of unbalanced IER and abnormal synaptic strength to some well-documented spectrum of attentional impairments. The computational model is based on a modified version of a biologically plausible neural model of two competing minicolumns in IT cortex augmented with a simple model of top-down attention. Top-down attention is assumed to amplify (attenuates) attended (unattended) stimulus. The inhibitory synaptic strength parameter in the model is set such that typical attentional behavior is emerged. Then, according to related findings, the parameter is changed and the model's attentional behavior is considered. The simulation results show that, without any change in top-down attention, the abnormal inhibitory synaptic strength values - and IER imbalance- result in over-selectivity, under-selectivity, distractibility and difficulty in shift of attention in the model. It suggests that the modeled neurobiological abnormalities can be accounted for the attentional deficits. In addition, the atypical attentional behaviors do not necessarily point to impairments in top-down attention. Our simulations suggest that limited changes in the inhibitory synaptic strength and variations in top-down attention signal affect the model's attentional behaviors in the same way. So, limited deficits in the inhibitory strength may be alleviated by appropriate change in top-down attention biasing. Nevertheless, our model proposes that this compensation is not possible for very high and very low values of the inhibitory strength.
机译：在包括自闭症在内的几种发展性疾病中，广泛报道了注意力行为障碍，包括过度选择性，选择性不足，分散注意力和注意力转移困难。在大脑中，特征性兴奋性神经元抑制比（IER）和突触强度异常是自闭症患者中广泛接受的两种神经生物学疾病。这些神经生物学发现是相反的，它们与非典型注意行为的关系尚不清楚。在本文中，我们采用一种计算方法来研究不平衡的IER和突触强度与某些记录良好的注意障碍的关系。该计算模型基于IT皮质中两个相互竞争的微型柱的生物学上可行的神经模型的修改版本，并通过自上而下的注意力简单模型进行了扩充。假定自上而下的注意力会放大（减弱）有人（无人值守）刺激。设置模型中的抑制突触强度参数，以使出现典型的注意行为。然后，根据相关发现，更改参数并考虑模型的注意行为。仿真结果表明，自上而下的注意力没有任何变化，异常抑制突触强度值-和IER不平衡-导致模型中的过度选择性，选择性不足，分散性和注意力转移困难。这表明建模的神经生物学异常可以解释为注意缺陷。此外，非典型的注意行为不一定指向自上而下的注意受损。我们的模拟表明抑制突触强度的有限变化和自上而下的注意信号的变化以相同的方式影响模型的注意行为。因此，可以通过自上而下的注意偏见的适当改变来减轻抑制强度的有限缺陷。然而，我们的模型提出，对于非常高和非常低的抑制强度值，这种补偿是不可能的。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Journal of Computational Neuroscience》 |2012年第2期|p.389-404|共16页
  • 作者

    Reyhaneh Bakhtiari; Nazanin Mohammadi Sephavand; Majid Nili Ahmadabadi; Babak Nadjar Araabi; Hossein Esteky;

  • 作者单位

    School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, IranSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran;

    School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran;

    School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran;

    School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran;

    ,Research center for brain and Cognitive sciences, Shaheed Beheshti School of Medicine, University of shaheed beheshti medical sciences, Tehran, Iran;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    autism; attention deficit; excitatory/inhibitory; ratio; competition;

    机译：自闭症注意缺陷兴奋/抑制;比;竞争;

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