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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of consumer policy >The 'necessaries of life' in British political medicine, 1750-1850
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The 'necessaries of life' in British political medicine, 1750-1850

机译：1750-1850年英国政治医学中的“生活必需品”

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At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the medical concept of "necessaries of life"—i.e., food, heat, clothing, and shelter—became controversial in Britain. The new domain of political economy, in both its Smithian and its Malthusian modes, challenged the view that necessity was either a measurable concept or a deliverable right. For the political economists, "necessity" was relative, a standard erected by class and culture. Many doctors and surgeons resisted that relativism, insisting that the fever epidemics they were responding to could be directly or indirectly attributed to the absence of such "necessaries." The first half of the article reviews the distinct debates between doctors and economists on these issues in England, Scotland, and Ireland during the first half of the nineteenth century. By mid-century these so-called "necessaries" had largely been de-medi-calized and transformed into the status of consumer commodities. The second half of the paper describes the quite different list of necessities that replaced them in public health campaigning and administration during the second half of the century.
机译：在19世纪初，在英国，“生活必需品”的医学概念（即食物，暖气，衣服和住所）引起了争议。政治经济学的新领域，无论是史密斯主义的还是马尔萨斯主义的，都对以下观点提出了质疑：必需性是可衡量的概念或可交付的权利。对于政治经济学家来说，“必要性”是相对的，是阶级和文化所建立的标准。许多医生和外科医生抵制这种相对论，坚持认为他们所应对的发烧流行病可以直接或间接地归因于缺乏这种“必需品”。本文的前半部分回顾了19世纪上半叶在英格兰，苏格兰和爱尔兰关于这些问题的医生和经济学家之间的独特辩论。到本世纪中叶，这些所谓的“必需品”已在很大程度上被消除了医学，并转变为消费品的地位。该文件的后半部分描述了完全不同的必需品清单，这些东西在本世纪下半叶的公共卫生运动和行政管理中取代了它们。

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