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Consumers and deregulation of the electricity market in Germany

机译：消费者和德国电力市场的放松管制

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Against the backcloth of EU regulation, this note looks at the "politics of necessity" regarding electricity provision in Germany. Electricity as a case is chosen because its provision has been undergoing a profound process of liberalisation and deregulation, and there is a considerable amount of experience with the chances and pitfalls of liberalisation in this sector. Secondly, electricity is a network industry and a natural monopoly subject to systematic market failure, which calls for regulation. The paper starts out with a closer look at the consumer as an actor in the regulation process, proposing a three-role model of the consumer as a market player, as a citizen, and as a micro-producer in households and networks. In these roles, consumers take on different social and political identities; they are affected differently by (de)regulation of essential services and have different options for reacting to quality and price issues. It then describes the legal state and the development of deregulation in the electricity sector in Germany. Selected empirical data are presented, and consumer policy implications are drawn.
机译：与欧盟法规的后盾相反，本说明着眼于德国电力供应的“必要政治”。之所以选择电力，是因为电力的供应经历了深刻的自由化和放松管制的过程，并且在该部门有大量的关于自由化的机会和陷阱的经验。其次，电力是网络行业，是自然的垄断，容易遭受系统性的市场失灵，这需要监管。本文首先仔细研究了消费者在监管过程中的角色，提出了消费者作为市场参与者，公民以及家庭和网络中的微型生产者的三角色模型。在这些角色中，消费者具有不同的社会和政治身份。它们受到（取消）对基本服务的管制的不同影响，并且对质量和价格问题有不同的选择。然后，它描述了德国电力行业的法律状态和放松管制的发展。介绍了一些经验数据，并得出了消费者政策的含义。

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