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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of dairy science >Short communication: Technologies and milking practices that reduce hours of work and increase flexibility through milking efficiency in pasture-based dairy farm systems
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Short communication: Technologies and milking practices that reduce hours of work and increase flexibility through milking efficiency in pasture-based dairy farm systems

机译：短期通信：通过在基于牧场的乳制品农场系统中挤奶效率降低工作时间和提高灵活性的技术和挤奶实践

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摘要

To attract and retain quality employees, dairy farmsmust be competitive with other workplaces offeringmore conventional hours of work. Milking requires significantlabor input and influences the start and endtimes of the working day, affecting flexibility to suitemployee needs or availability. The use of labor-savingtechnology and milking management strategies couldhelp with this challenge. Previous studies have usedscenario modeling in attempt to quantify the value ofin-parlor technologies, however, they have relied onassumptions about the effect of the technologies onlabor in the dairy. Similarly, the effect of managementstrategies on work patterns, such as flexible milkingintervals (changing the timing of milking), has not beenevaluated. The aims of this study were to (1) quantifythe milking labor requirements in a range of pasturebaseddairy farm systems and (2) identify practices ortechnologies that facilitate efficient milking. A telephonesurvey of 500 dairy farmers in New Zealand wasconducted during April and May 2018, with questionsasked about milking practices and technology use. Predictiveanalysis showed that at peak lactation, milkingrequired between 17 and 24 h/wk per worker for farmsmilking twice a day, representing 43 to 58% of a conventional40-h work week, depending on parlor type (herringboneor rotary), the number of clusters, and herdsize. Using milking intervals of 8 and 16 h (intervalsbetween milkings), compared with the more usual 10and 14 h, largely avoided starting milking before 0500h. Eight percent of herds were milked once a day, whichrequired between 7 and 14 h/wk per worker (18–35%of a 40-h week). ANOVA showed that for metrics thatrelated to people (labor efficiency and work routine),using automatic teat spraying had a positive effect onefficiency. Having both automatic cluster removers anddrafting were associated with longer milking times interms of throughput and row/rotation time comparedwith using drafting only. The results highlight considerableopportunity to reduce the number of hours thosemilking (employers and employees) spend in the parlorand increase staff time flexibility through milking (e.g.,intervals between milkings) and parlor management(e.g., row/rotation time) and use of specific technologies.This study provides useful data for those wishingto analyze the likely value of an in-parlor automationtechnology or management practice for an individualsituation.
机译：吸引和留住优质员工，乳制品农场必须与其他工作场所提供的竞争力更传统的工作时间。挤奶需要重要意义劳动力投入并影响开始和结束工作日的时间，影响适合灵活性员工需求或可用性。使用劳动力节约技术和挤奶管理策略可以帮助这一挑战。以前的研究已经使用过方案建模试图量化价值然而，在 - 客厅技术，他们依赖于关于技术效果的假设牛奶劳动。同样，管理的效果工作模式的策略，例如灵活的挤奶间隔（改变挤奶的时间），并非如此评估。本研究的目的是（1）量化挤奶劳动要求在一系列的疯狂比赛中乳制品农场系统和（2）识别实践或促进高效挤奶的技术。一部电话新西兰500名乳业农民调查是在4月和2018年5月进行了问题询问挤奶实践和技术使用。预测分析表明，在峰值哺乳期，挤奶每个工人为农场的17至24小时/周每天挤奶两次，代表常规的43％至58％40-H工作周，取决于客厅类型（人字形或旋转），簇的数量和群体尺寸。使用8和16小时的挤奶间隔（间隔在挤奶之间），与较多的10个相比和14小时，在0500之前很大程度上避免了起始挤奶H。八百百分之九人挤奶了一次，这是一次每位工人7到14 H / WK（18-35％）40小时）。 ANOVA表明为指标与人有关（劳动效率和工作常规），使用自动奶嘴对效率。拥有自动集群群集和起草与较长的挤奶时间相关联吞吐量和行/旋转时间的条款仅使用起草。结果突出了相当大的减少那些数小时数的机会挤奶（雇主和雇员）在客厅里度过通过挤奶增加员工时间灵活性（例如，填充之间的间隔）和客厅管理（例如，行/旋转时间）和特定技术的使用。本研究为那些希望提供有用的数据分析客厅内自动化的可能价值个人技术或管理惯例情况。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of dairy science》 |2020年第8期|7172-7179|共8页
  • 作者

    J. P. Edwards; B. Kuhn-Sherlock; B. T. Dela Rue; C. R. Eastwood;

  • 作者单位

    DairyNZ Ltd. PO Box 85066 Lincoln University Lincoln 7647 New Zealand;

    DairyNZ Ltd. Private Bag 3221 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand;

    DairyNZ Ltd. Private Bag 3221 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand;

    DairyNZ Ltd. PO Box 85066 Lincoln University Lincoln 7647 New Zealand;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    labor; parlor; milking intervals; technology;

    机译：劳动;客厅;挤奶间隔;技术;

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