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Bacterial diversity in goat milk from the Guanzhong area of China

机译：关中地区山羊奶中细菌的多样性

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摘要

In this study, the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene from metagenomic DNA were sequenced to identify differences in microbial diversity in raw milk of Saanen and Guanzhong goats from the Guanzhong area of China. The results showed that Proteobacteria was the predominant phylum, accounting for 71.31% of all phyla identified in milk from the 2 breeds, and Enterobacter was the predominant genus (24.69%) within the microbial community. Microbial alpha diversity from Saanen goat milk was significantly higher than that of Guanzhong goat milk based on bioinformatic analysis of indices of Chaol, Shannon, Simpson, observed species, and the abundance-based coverage estimator. Functional genes and their likely metabolic pathways were predicted, which demonstrated that the functional genes present in the bacteria in goat milk were enriched in pathways for amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, which represented 11.93 and 11.23% of functional genes, respectively. Physico-chemical properties such as pH, protein, fat, and AA levels were also determined and correlations made with microbial diversity. We detected a significant difference in the content of lactose and 6 AA, which were higher in Saanen milk than in Guanzhong milk, and positively correlated with microbial carbohydrate metabolism and AA metabolism. Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus, which are lactose-utilizing genera, were more abundant in Saanen milk than in Guanzhong milk. Higher levels of lactose in Saanen goat milk may explain its greater microbial diversity. We also demonstrated that most of the AA metabolism-related bacterial genera (e.g., Massilia, Bacteroides, Lysobacter) were enriched in Saanen goat milk. In this research, both probiotic and pathogenic bacteria were identified in goat milk, which provided the microbial information necessary to direct the utilization of beneficial microbial resources and prevent the development of harmful organisms in goat milk.
机译：在这项研究中，对来自宏基因组DNA的16S rRNA基因的V3和V4区域进行了测序，以鉴定中国关中地区的Saanen和Guanzhong山羊的原奶中微生物多样性的差异。结果表明，变形杆菌是最主要的门，占这两个品种的牛奶中鉴定到的所有门的71.31％，肠杆菌是微生物群落中的主要门属（24.69％）。根据Chaol，Shannon，Simpson，观察物种的指数以及基于丰度的覆盖率估算器的生物信息学分析，Saanen山羊奶中的微生物α多样性显着高于Guanzhong山羊奶。预测了功能基因及其可能的代谢途径，这表明存在于山羊奶细菌中的功能基因富含氨基酸代谢和碳水化合物代谢的途径，分别占功能基因的11.93％和11.23％。还确定了诸如pH，蛋白质，脂肪和AA水平的理化特性，并与微生物多样性建立了相关性。我们发现乳糖含量和6 AA含量存在显着差异，其中Saanen牛奶中的乳糖和6 AA高于冠中牛奶，并且与微生物碳水化合物代谢和AA代谢呈正相关。乳糖利用属的乳酸菌，乳酸杆菌，双歧杆菌，肠球菌和链球菌在萨能牛奶中比在关中牛奶中含量更高。萨嫩山羊奶中乳糖含量较高，可能说明其微生物多样性更高。我们还证明了大部分与AA代谢相关的细菌属（例如Massilia，Bacteroides，Lysobacter）富含Saanen山羊奶。在这项研究中，在山羊奶中鉴定出了益生菌和致病菌，这为指导有益微生物资源的利用和防止山羊奶中有害生物的发展提供了必要的微生物信息。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of dairy science》 |2017年第10期|7812-7824|共13页
  • 作者

    Fuxin Zhang; Zhaoxia Wang; Feiyan Lei; Bini Wang; Shuaiming Jiang; Qiannan Peng; Jiachao Zhang; Yuyu Shao;

  • 作者单位

    College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China;

    College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China;

    College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China;

    College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China;

    College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China;

    College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China;

    College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China;

    College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    metagenomics; 16S rRNA gene; lactic acid bacteria; psychrotrophic bacteria; PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States);

    机译：元基因组学16S rRNA基因;乳酸菌精神营养菌;PICRUSt（通过未观察到的国家重建对社区进行的系统发育研究）;

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