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Responsive affirmative action in school choice

机译：学校选择中的响应性平权行动

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School choice programs aim to give students the option to choose their school. At the same time, under-represented minority students should be favored to close the opportunity gap. A common way to achieve this is to have a majority quota at each school, and to require that no school be assigned more majority students than its majority quota. An alternative way is to reserve some seats at each school for the minority students, and to require that a reserve seat at a school be assigned to a majority student only if no minority student prefers that school to her assignment. However, fair rules based on either type of affirmative action suffer from a common problem: a stronger affirmative action may not benefit any minority student and hurt some minority students. First, we show that this problem is pervasive. Then, we uncover the root of this problem: for some minority students, treating them as minority students does not benefit them, but possibly hurts other minority students. We propose a new assignment rule that treats such minority students as majority students, achieves affirmative action, and never hurts a minority student without benefiting another minority student. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：择校计划旨在让学生选择自己的学校。同时，应优先考虑代表性不足的少数民族学生，以缩小机会差距。实现此目标的一种常见方法是在每所学校中拥有多数派名额，并要求没有任何学校被分配超过其多数派名额的多数生。另一种方法是在每所学校为少数族裔学生保留一些席位，并要求仅在没有少数族裔学生偏爱该学校的情况下，才将学校保留席位分配给多数学生。但是，基于两种类型的平权行动的公平规则都会遇到一个共同的问题：更强大的平权行动可能不会使任何少数族裔学生受益，也不会伤害某些少数族裔学生。首先，我们证明此问题无处不在。然后，我们发现了这个问题的根源：对于某些少数民族学生，将他们视为少数民族学生并没有使他们受益，反而可能会伤害其他少数民族学生。我们提出了一条新的分配规则，该规则将这样的少数族裔学生视为多数族裔学生，实现肯定的行动，并且在不使另一名少数族裔学生受益的情况下永远不会伤害少数族裔学生。 （C）2016 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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