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Surprising gifts: Theory and laboratory evidence

机译:令人惊讶的礼物:理论和实验室证据

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People do not only feel guilt from not living up to others' expectations (Battigalli and Dufwenberg, 2007), but may also like to exceed them. We propose a model that generalizes the guilt aversion model to capture the possibility of positive surprises when making gifts. A model extension allows decision makers to care about others' attribution of intentions behind surprises. We test the model in a series of dictator game experiments. We find a strong causal effect of recipients' expectations on dictators' transfers. Moreover, in line with our model, the correlation between transfers and expectations can be both positive and negative, obscuring the effect in the aggregate. Finally, we provide evidence that dictators care about what recipients know about the intentions behind surprises. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译:人们不仅会因为没有达到别人的期望而感到内gui(Battigalli和Dufwenberg,2007),而且可能还想超越他们。我们提出了一个模型,该模型可以概括罪恶厌恶模型,以捕捉制作礼物时出现正面惊喜的可能性。通过模型扩展,决策者可以关心他人在意料之外的意图归因。我们通过一系列独裁者游戏实验测试该模型。我们发现,接受者的期望对独裁者的转移有强烈的因果关系。而且,根据我们的模型,转移与期望之间的相关性可以是正的也可以是负的,从而掩盖了总体效应。最后,我们提供的证据表明,独裁者会关心接收者对惊喜背后意图的了解。 (C)2015 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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