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Measuring the environmental efficiency of countries: A directional distance function metafrontier approach

机译:衡量国家的环境效率:定向距离函数元前沿方法

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This paper measures environmental efficiency (EE) in 63 countries over the period 1981-2005 and analyzes whether the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol is accompanied by an increase in environmental efficiency during the same period. Differences in EE across countries under distinct country-specific production frontiers are measured using a directional distance function model, which incorporates a desirable output (GDP) and an undesirable output (CO2 emissions). It is further assumed that a stochastic meta-technology-frontier exists and represents potential outputs available to all countries given inputs. The metafrontier for four country groups, high income countries, upper-middle income countries, low-middle income countries, and low income countries, are estimated using balanced panel data for the sample countries over the study period. The overall results indicate that the four country groups operated under distinct stochastic production frontiers and therefore used different production technologies. It is found that high income countries achieved the highest progress in their average environmental efficiency relative to the metafrontier, while lower-middle income countries and low income countries recorded negative growth in their average EE relative to the metafrontier.
机译:本文测量了1981-2005年期间63个国家的环境效率(EE),并分析了《京都议定书》的通过是否伴随着同期内环境效率的提高。使用方向距离函数模型来衡量不同国家特定生产边界下各国之间的EE差异,该模型结合了理想的产出(GDP)和不良的产出(CO2排放)。进一步假设存在一个随机的元技术前沿,代表着在给定投入的情况下所有国家可获得的潜在产出。在研究期内,使用样本国家的均衡面板数据估算了四个国家组,高收入国家,中高收入国家,低中收入国家和低收入国家的元边界。总体结果表明,这四个国家组在不同的随机生产边界下运作,因此使用了不同的生产技术。研究发现,高收入国家的平均环境效率相对于亚边疆地区取得了最高的进展,而中低收入国家和低收入国家的平均EE相对于亚边疆地区则出现了负增长。

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