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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Management >Economics of 'essential use exemptions' for metered-dose inhalers under the Montreal Protocol
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Economics of 'essential use exemptions' for metered-dose inhalers under the Montreal Protocol

机译：《蒙特利尔议定书》规定的计量吸入器“必要使用豁免”的经济学

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摘要

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer has led to rapid reductions in the use of ozone-depleting substances worldwide. However, the Protocol provides for "essential use exemptions" (EUEs) if there are no "technically and economically feasible" alternatives. An application that might qualify as an "essential use" is CFC-powered medical metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the US and other nations have applied for exemptions in this case. One concern is that exemptions are necessary to ensure access to medications for low-income uninsureds. We examine the consequences of granting or withholding such exemptions, and conclude that government policies and private-sector programs are available that make it economically feasible to phase out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in this application, thereby furthering the global public health objectives of the Montreal Protocol without compromising the treatment of patients who currently receive medication by means of MDIs.
机译：《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》已导致世界范围内消耗臭氧层物质的使用迅速减少。但是，如果没有“技术和经济上可行的”替代方案，则该协议规定了“必要用途豁免”（EUE）。可能有资格作为“必要用途”的应用是使用CFC供电的医用计量吸入器（MDI），用于治疗哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD），美国和其他国家/地区已申请豁免。一个令人关注的问题是，必须有豁免才能确保低收入无保险者获得药物。我们研究了授予或保留此类豁免的后果，并得出结论，可利用政府政策和私营部门计划，使在本申请中逐步淘汰含氯氟烃（CFC）在经济上可行，从而进一步推动《蒙特利尔议定书》的全球公共卫生目标不会影响目前通过MDI接受药物治疗的患者的治疗。

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