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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology >ACCIDENTS IN NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBMARINES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MARINE POLLUTION
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ACCIDENTS IN NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBMARINES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MARINE POLLUTION

机译：核潜艇的事故及其对环境海洋污染的影响

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摘要

Since 1953, hundreds of nuclear-powered submarines (NPS) have been produced all over the world. Nowadays, about 160 nuclear submarines are in operation. Naval reactors have been in most cases of pressurised water types. Decommissioning nuclear-powered submarines has become a major task for US and Russian navies. Environmental consequences of such procedures may be very dangerous. Incidents and emergencies in atomic submarine fleet of USSR/ Russia have been many during their 50 years operational period of NPS, however submarines fleets of other states (mainly US, UK, France) have a relevant accident history, too. The worst accidents were accompanied by serious radiological and ecological consequences. A relatively frequent event is the release of radioactive pollutants to the marine environment. Some of the most recent accidents are reviewed, putting into evidence the consequences and the lessons unlearned. In the Mediterranean sea, the effects of environmental marine pollution due to the presence of nuclear submarines have been recently studied. In particular, the most recent studies originated from the accident to the nuclear submarine 'Hartford' that took place in 2003 close to the 'La Maddalena' submarines base in Sardinia island (Italy).
机译：自1953年以来，全世界已生产了数百艘核动力潜艇（NPS）。如今，约有160艘核潜艇正在运行。海军反应堆在大多数情况下都是加压水类型。使核动力潜艇退役已成为美国和俄罗斯海军的主要任务。此类程序的环境后果可能非常危险。苏联/俄罗斯核潜艇舰队在NPS运作的50年中发生了许多事故和紧急情况，但是其他州（主要是美国，英国，法国）的潜艇舰队也具有相关的事故历史。最严重的事故伴随着严重的放射和生态后果。一个相对频繁的事件是向海洋环境释放放射性污染物。对一些最近发生的事故进行了审查，以证明后果和未吸取的教训。在地中海中，最近已经研究了由于核潜艇的存在而对环境造成的海洋污染的影响。特别是，最近的研究起源于2003年在撒丁岛（意大利）的“马达莱纳”号潜艇基地附近发生的“哈特福德”核潜艇的事故。

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